Chiyambi
Mu mafakitale amakono, zipangizo za mphira zakhala zofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zake zapadera monga kusinthasintha, kukana kuvala, komanso kukana mankhwala. Pakati pa izi, mphira wa fluorine (FKM) ndi mphira wa perfluoroether (FFKM) zimaonekera ngati mphira wochita bwino kwambiri, wotchuka chifukwa cha kukana kwawo mankhwala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kusanthula kwathunthu kumeneku kumayang'ana kusiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito, mtengo, mawonekedwe, ndi makhalidwe a FKM ndi FFKM, cholinga chake ndi kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mafakitale ena.
Kusiyana Koyambira Pakati pa Fluorine Rubber (FKM) ndi Perfluoroether Rubber (FFKM)
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa FKM ndi FFKM kuli m'mapangidwe awo a mankhwala. FKM ndi polima yokhala ndi fluorinated pang'ono yokhala ndi ma bond a carbon-carbon (CC) mu unyolo wake waukulu, pomwe FFKM ndi polima yokhala ndi fluorinated yonse yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka carbon-oxygen-carbon (COC), kolumikizidwa ndi maatomu a oxygen (O). Kusiyana kumeneku kwa kapangidwe kake ku FFKM ndikolimba kwambiri pa mankhwala komanso kutentha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi FKM.
Kukana Mankhwala
Unyolo waukulu wa FFKM, wopanda ma bond a carbon-carbon, umapereka kukana kwakukulu ku mankhwala. Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, mphamvu ya ma bond a carbon-hydrogen bonds ndi yotsika kwambiri (pafupifupi 335 kJ/mol), zomwe zingapangitse FKM kukhala yofooka mu ma oxidant amphamvu ndi ma polar solvents poyerekeza ndi FFKM. FFKM imalimbana ndi pafupifupi mankhwala onse odziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo ma acid amphamvu, ma bases, ma organic solvents, ndi ma oxidants.
Kukana Kutentha Kwambiri
FFKM imagwiranso ntchito bwino kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri. Ngakhale kutentha kosalekeza kwa FKM nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 200-250°C, FFKM imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 260-300°C. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri kumeneku kumapangitsa FFKM kukhala yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Minda Yofunsira
Mphira wa Fluorine (FKM)
FKM imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kukana mankhwala bwino komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri:
- Makampani Ogulitsa Magalimoto: FKM imagwira ntchito popanga zisindikizo, zisindikizo zamafuta, ma O-rings, ndi zina zambiri, makamaka m'mainjini ndi makina otumizira magalimoto.
- Makampani Opanga Mankhwala: FKM imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangirira mapaipi, ma valve, mapampu, ndi zida zina kuti asatuluke mankhwala.
- Makampani Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zamagetsi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zinthu zotetezera kutentha m'mawaya ndi zingwe, makamaka m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso omwe amawononga zinthu ndi mankhwala.
Mphira wa Perfluoroether (FFKM)
FFKM imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo omwe amafuna kukana kwambiri mankhwala ndi kutentha kwambiri:
- Ndege: FFKM imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zisindikizo m'ndege ndi m'zombo kuti zipirire kutentha kwambiri komanso malo okhala ndi mankhwala.
- Makampani Opanga Ma Semiconductor: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zida zopangira ma semiconductor kuti apewe kutulutsa mpweya wa mankhwala.
- Makampani Opanga Mafuta: FFKM imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zisindikizo m'zida zotentha kwambiri komanso zopanikizika kwambiri m'malo oyeretsera mafuta ndi mafakitale opanga mankhwala.
Mtengo ndi Mtengo
Mtengo wokwera wa FFKM wopanga zinthu umapangitsa kuti mtengo wake ukhale wokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi wa FKM. Kuvuta kwa zinthu zopangira za FFKM ndi njira yake yopangira zinthu kumapangitsa kuti mtengo wake ukhale wokwera kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito abwino a FFKM m'malo ovuta kwambiri, mtengo wake wokwera ndi woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena.
Fomu ndi Kukonza
Mphira wa Fluorine (FKM)
FKM nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa ngati rabala yolimba, rabala yophatikizika, kapena zida zokonzedweratu. Njira zake zopangira zimaphatikizapo kupondereza kupanga, kutulutsa, ndi kupangira jakisoni. FKM imafuna zida zapadera komanso magawo a njira chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwakukulu.
Mphira wa Perfluoroether (FFKM)
FFKM imaperekedwanso mu mtundu wa rabala yolimba, rabala yophatikizika, kapena zida zokonzedwa kale. Kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri kumafuna kutentha kwakukulu kokonza ndi zofunikira kwambiri pazida ndi njira.
Kuyerekeza kwa Magwiridwe Antchito
Kukana Mankhwala
Kukana kwa mankhwala kwa FFKM kuli bwino kwambiri kuposa kwa FKM. FFKM imakana pafupifupi mankhwala onse odziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo ma asidi amphamvu, maziko, zosungunulira zachilengedwe, ndi zosungunulira. Ngakhale kuti FKM imaperekanso kukana kwabwino kwa mankhwala, sigwira ntchito bwino m'ma oxidant ena amphamvu ndi zosungunulira za polar poyerekeza ndi FFKM.
Kukana Kutentha Kwambiri
Kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa FFKM kuli bwino kuposa kwa FKM. Kutentha kosalekeza kwa FKM nthawi zambiri kumakhala 200-250°C, pomwe FFKM imatha kufika 260-300°C. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri kumeneku kumapangitsa FFKM kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Magwiridwe antchito a makina
FKM ndi FFKM zonse zili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a makina, kuphatikizapo kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kukana kuwonongeka, komanso kukana kung'ambika. Komabe, makhalidwe a makina a FFKM ndi okhazikika kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yodalirika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
Ziyembekezo za Msika
Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wamafakitale, kufunikira kwa zipangizo za rabara zogwira ntchito bwino kukukwera. FKM ndi FFKM zili ndi mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito awo abwino kwambiri:
- Makampani Ogulitsa Magalimoto: Kupanga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kukuwonjezera kufunikira kwa zisindikizo zolimba kutentha kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito FKM ndi FFKM.
- Makampani Opanga Mankhwala: Kusiyanasiyana ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zopangira mankhwala kukuwonjezera kufunikira kwa zisindikizo zosagwira mankhwala, zomwe zikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa FKM ndi FFKM.
- Makampani Opanga Zamagetsi: Kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba akuwonjezera kufunikira kwa zipangizo zotetezera kutentha zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso dzimbiri la mankhwala, zomwe zikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito FKM ndi FFKM.
Mapeto
Rabala ya fluorine (FKM) ndi rabala ya perfluoroether (FFKM), monga zoyimira rabala yamphamvu kwambiri, ili ndi mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kukana kwawo mankhwala komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti FFKM ndi yokwera mtengo, magwiridwe ake abwino kwambiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri amawapatsa mwayi wosasinthika m'magwiritsidwe ena. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wamafakitale, kufunikira kwa zipangizo za rabala yamphamvu kwambiri kudzapitirira kuwonjezeka, ndipo mwayi wamsika wa FKM ndi FFKM ndi wokulirapo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-24-2025