Pakupanga mafakitale ndi kupanga magalimoto, ukadaulo wotsekera ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipangizo zikugwira ntchito modalirika. Posachedwapa, chisindikizo cha maulumikizidwe awiri chokhala ndi kapangidwe katsopano komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri chalowa pamsika, zomwe zapatsa makampani njira yatsopano yotsekera ndikuyambitsa chidwi cha anthu ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, chithunzi chatsatanetsatane chowonetsa injini ndi zigawo zake chagawidwa kwambiri pa intaneti, zomwe zawonjezera kumvetsetsa kwa anthu za kapangidwe ka injini ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zotsekera.
1. Mawonekedwe a Zinthu ndi Katundu wa Zinthu
Chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chawiri chimakhala ndi mphete ziwiri za rabara zolumikizidwa: mbali imodzi ndi mphete ya sikweya, pomwe mbali inayo ndi mphete yayikulu yozungulira yokhala ndi kadontho kakang'ono kumapeto. Kapangidwe kameneka sikuti kamangopanga zatsopano zokha komanso kamaganizira mokwanira zofunikira pakukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zenizeni. Kapangidwe kake kamapangidwa ndi rabara yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo kamakonzedwa kudzera muukadaulo wapamwamba wa vulcanization. Zipangizo za rabara zokha zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, kukana kuwonongeka, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Njira yopangira vulcanization imawonjezera kapangidwe kake ka mamolekyulu, kuonetsetsa kuti imasunga mawonekedwe okhazikika mkati mwa kutentha kwa -40°C mpaka 150°C komanso m'malo opanikizika kwambiri, ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kuteteza bwino kukalamba, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, ndi mavuto ena, kuonetsetsa kuti kutseka kumakhala kogwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.
2. Ntchito Zazikulu ndi Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito
(a) Kugwira Ntchito Kwabwino Kwambiri Potseka
Mu zida zamakina ndi zamagalimoto, kutayikira kwamadzimadzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso zinthu zapamwamba za rabara, chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chawiri chimatha kudzaza mipata yaying'ono pakati pa zigawo, ndikupanga chotchinga chodalirika chotsekera. Mwachitsanzo, mu injini zamagalimoto, gasket ya mutu wa silinda imafunika pakati pa mutu wa silinda ndi block ya silinda kuti mafuta oziziritsa ndi injini asatayike. Gawo la mphete ya sikweya ya chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chawiri limatha kusintha bwino momwe zinthu zilili, kuletsa kutayikira kwa mafuta ndi choziziritsa ndi kusakanikirana, kuonetsetsa kuti injini ikugwira ntchito bwino kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi kugwedezeka, kusunga mafuta abwino ndi zotsatira zoziziritsa, ndikuwonjezera moyo wa injini. Mu makina a hydraulic a zida zamakaniko, gawo la mphete ya elliptical limakwanira bwino magawo olumikizira a masilinda ndi mapampu a hydraulic, kusunga kutsekedwa pansi pa kukhudzidwa kwa mafuta chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kosinthika bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti machitidwe a hydraulic amagwira ntchito bwino komanso kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito amakina komanso kulondola kwa magwiridwe antchito.
(b) Ntchito Yolumikizira ndi Kukhazikitsa
Kapangidwe ka mphete ziwiri za chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chapawiri kamapangitsa kuti chizitseke komanso chizilumikiza. Pogwirizanitsa zigawo zamagalimoto, monga kulumikizana pakati pa intake manifold ndi engine block, chisindikizocho chimayikidwa pamalo olumikizirana, osati kungopereka chisindikizo kuti chiteteze kutuluka kwa madzi komanso kuwonjezera kulimba kwa chilumikizanocho kudzera mu elastic deformation ndi mawonekedwe ake, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kumasuka. Mu machitidwe a mapaipi a mafakitale, zimathandiza kuti njira yolumikizira mapaipi ikhale yosavuta, m'malo mwa njira zachikhalidwe zovuta zolumikizira bolt ndi nati, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chisindikizo ndi kukhazikika kwa chitoliro zichepe mwachangu, kuchepetsa zoopsa zotuluka, kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera ndi zovuta, komanso kukonza bwino kayendetsedwe ka zinthu komanso chitetezo.
3. Ubwino Wofunika Kwambiri Wogwira Ntchito
(a) Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha Kwambiri
Zipangizo zamafakitale ndi makina a magalimoto nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi malo otentha kwambiri. Zipangizo za rabara za chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chawiri zimapangidwa mwapadera kuti zisunge magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso ogwira ntchito bwino mkati mwa kutentha kwa -40°C mpaka 150°C. M'nyengo yozizira, imatha kubwezeretsa kulimba kwake mwachangu kuti itsimikizire kuti injini zamagalimoto zimakhala ndi mafuta abwinobwino, pomwe m'malo otentha kwambiri, sizimafewa kapena kupotoka, kuteteza nthawi zonse zigawo zamkati ndi madzi.
(b) Kukana Kuwonongeka Kwambiri ndi Kukana Kukalamba
Kusuntha pafupipafupi kwa zida ndi magalimoto kwa nthawi yayitali omwe amatsekeredwa kuti asamavutike nthawi zonse komanso kuti asamavutike ndi makina. Chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chawiri chimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba za rabara zokhala ndi mankhwala apadera pamwamba kuti zichepetse kukangana, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi ukalamba zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku chisindikizocho zimalimbana bwino ndi zotsatira za kuwala kwa UV, ozone, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Ngakhale zitayenda kwa nthawi yayitali, zimasunga kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito otsekereza, kuchepetsa nthawi yokonza ndi kusintha zida, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito.
(c) Kukana Mankhwala Kwambiri
Mu mafakitale ndi ntchito zamagalimoto, zisindikizo zimayikidwa pa mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Zipangizo za rabara za chisindikizo cha dual-connector zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri ku madzi wamba a magalimoto, mafuta a hydraulic a mafakitale, mafuta odzola, ndi zinthu zina. Sizimasintha kwambiri thupi kapena mankhwala ngakhale zitagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimaletsa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi dzimbiri kwa zida, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zikugwira ntchito bwino m'malo ovuta a mankhwala.
4. Malo ndi Ntchito ya Zisindikizo Zachiwiri mu Injini
Kuchokera pachithunzichi, zikuwoneka kuti chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chawiri chimayikidwa makamaka pakati pa intake manifold ndi engine block, komanso pakati pa silinda block ndi silinda head. M'malo ofunikira awa, chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chawiri chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutseka. Gawo la mphete ya sikweya limalumikizana bwino ndi mutu wa silinda ndi silinda block, kuteteza bwino kutuluka kwa mafuta a injini ndi choziziritsira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi omwe ali mkati mwa injini amasunga mafuta ndi kuziziritsa bwino pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, kupsinjika kwakukulu, ndi kugwedezeka. Gawo la mphete ya elliptical limayikidwa pakati pa intake manifold ndi silinda block, kuonetsetsa kuti njira yolowera imatsekedwa kuti mpweya kapena zosakaniza zomwe zimayaka zitha kulowa mu silinda iliyonse mofanana komanso molondola, potero kuonetsetsa kuti kuyaka kwa injini kukugwira ntchito bwino komanso kutulutsa mphamvu. Kuwonetsera kwachilengedwe kumeneku sikungolola anthu ambiri kumvetsetsa bwino za chisindikizo cha cholumikizira chawiri komanso kumaperekanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri amakampani, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusinthana ndi kupanga zatsopano kwa ukadaulo wotsekera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-21-2025