Intangiriro
Mu rwego rw'inganda zigezweho, ibikoresho bya kawurute byabaye ingenzi cyane bitewe n'imiterere yabyo idasanzwe nko kuba byoroshye, bidashobora kwangirika, ndetse bidashobora kwangirika. Muri ibyo, kawurute ya fluorine (FKM) na kawurute ya perfluoroether (FFKM) bigaragara nk'ibirute bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, bizwiho kuba birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iri sesengura ryimbitse risuzuma itandukaniro, ikoreshwa, ikiguzi, imiterere, n'imiterere ya FKM na FFKM, rigamije gutanga ubumenyi bw'ingirakamaro ku bafatanyabikorwa mu nganda zifitanye isano.
Itandukaniro ry'ibanze hagati ya Rubber ya Fluorine (FKM) na Rubber ya Perfluoroether (FFKM)
Imiterere y'Ubutabire
Itandukaniro ry'ibanze hagati ya FKM na FFKM riri mu miterere yabyo ya shimi. FKM ni polimeri ifite fluorine igice kimwe ifite imigozi ya karubone-karubone (CC) mu mugozi wayo mukuru, mu gihe FFKM ari polimeri ifite fluorine yuzuye ifite imiterere ya karubone-okisijeni-karubone (COC), ihujwe na atome za ogisijeni (O). Iri tandukaniro ry'imiterere FFKM ni polimeri ikomeye kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi ugereranije na FKM.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire
Uruhererekane rw'ingenzi rwa FFKM, rudafite imigozi ya karubone-karubone, rutanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku byuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho iri kumwe, ingufu z'imigozi ya karubone-hayidrojeni ni zo nkeya cyane (hafi 335 kJ/mol), ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma FKM idakora neza mu byuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikomeye n'ibikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya polar ugereranije na FFKM. FFKM irwanya hafi ya byose bizwi mu byuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, harimo aside ikomeye, bases, organic solvents, na oxydants.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi
FFKM kandi irakomeye mu kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Nubwo ubushyuhe buhoraho bwa FKM busanzwe buri hagati ya 200-250°C, FFKM ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 260-300°C. Uku kudahinduka kw'ubushyuhe bwinshi bituma FFKM ikoreshwa cyane mu turere dukomeye.
Ahantu ho Gusaba
Rubber ya Fluorine (FKM)
FKM ikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye bitewe n'uko irwanya imiti cyane kandi irwanya ubushyuhe buri hejuru:
- Inganda z'imodoka: FKM ikora ibikoresho byo gufunga, gufunga amavuta, impeta za O, n'ibindi byinshi, cyane cyane muri moteri na sisitemu zo gutwara imodoka.
- Inganda zikora imiti: FKM ikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro, amavali, ipompo, n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyuma bikoresha imiti bivamo amazi.
- Inganda z'Ikoranabuhanga: Ikoreshwa mu gukingira insinga n'insinga, cyane cyane ahantu hashyuha cyane kandi hangiza ibidukikije.
Rubber ya Perfluoroether (FFKM)
FFKM ikoreshwa mu nzego zisaba imiti irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi:
- Ibyerekeye iby’ikirere: FFKM ikoreshwa mu gupfuka ibipfukisho mu ndege no mu byogajuru kugira ngo bihangane n’ubushyuhe bukabije n’ibidukikije bya shimi.
- Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor: Ikoreshwa mu gufunga ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora semiconductor kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyuka ya shimi iva.
- Inganda za peteroli: FFKM ikoreshwa mu gufunga ibikoresho bishyuha cyane n'ibishyushya byinshi mu nganda zitunganya peteroli n'inganda zikora imiti.
Igiciro n'Ikiguzi
Igiciro cyo hejuru cy’umusaruro wa FFKM gituma igiciro cyo ku isoko kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije na FKM. Uburyo ibikoresho fatizo bya FFKM bikoreshwa n’uburyo ikora butuma ikiguzi cyayo cyongera. Ariko, bitewe n’uko FFKM ikora neza mu turere dukomeye, igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru gifite ishingiro mu buryo bumwe na bumwe.
Ifishi n'Itunganywa
Rubber ya Fluorine (FKM)
FKM ikunze gutangwa nk'umukara ukomeye, umukara w'inyongera, cyangwa ibice byateguwe mbere. Uburyo bwo kuyitunganya burimo gukanda, gusohora, no kuyitera. FKM ikenera ibikoresho byihariye n'ibipimo by'imikorere bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwayo buri hejuru cyane.
Rubber ya Perfluoroether (FFKM)
FFKM itangwa kandi mu buryo bwa "rubber" ikomeye, "rubber" ivanze, cyangwa ibice byakozwe mbere. Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutunganya no gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye n'uburyo bwo gutunganya.
Kugereranya Imikorere
Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire
Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire bwa FFKM buri hejuru cyane kurusha ubwa FKM. FFKM irwanya hafi ya byose bizwi mu byuma binyabutabire, harimo aside ikomeye, bases, solvents organic, na oxydants. Nubwo FKM inatanga ubudahangarwa bwiza mu by'ubutabire, ntabwo igira ingaruka nziza cyane muri oxydants zimwe na zimwe zikomeye n'ibinyabutabire bito ugereranije na FFKM.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa FFKM buruta ubwa FKM. Ubushyuhe buhoraho bwa FKM muri rusange ni 200-250°C, mu gihe FFKM ishobora kugera kuri 260-300°C. Uku kudahindagurika kw'ubushyuhe bwinshi bituma FFKM ikoreshwa cyane mu bidukikije bikomeye.
Imikorere ya tekiniki
FKM na FFKM byombi bifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike, harimo no gukomera cyane, kudashira, no kudacika. Ariko, imiterere ya mekanike ya FFKM irahamye cyane iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, bigatuma yizewe cyane iyo ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibyiza by'Isoko
Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho bya rubber bikora neza kiriyongera. FKM na FFKM bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye bitewe n’imikorere yazo myiza:
- Inganda z’Imodoka: Iterambere ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ririmo kongera ubwinshi bw’ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi birwanya ingese, birushaho kwagura ikoreshwa rya FKM na FFKM.
- Inganda zikora imiti ikomoka ku binyabutabire: Gutandukana no kugorana kw'ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku binyabutabire birimo kongera ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa birwanya imiti birwanya imiti, birushaho kwagura ikoreshwa rya FKM na FFKM.
- Inganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga: Gukoresha ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu buryo buciriritse no gukora neza cyane biri kongera ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje bw'ibinyabutabire, birushaho kwagura ikoreshwa rya FKM na FFKM.
Umwanzuro
Rubber ya fluorine (FKM) na perfluoroether (FFKM), nk'ibiranga rubber nziza cyane, bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye bitewe n'uko birwanya imiti kandi bikanarwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Nubwo FFKM ihenze cyane, imikorere yayo idasanzwe mu bidukikije iha inyungu idasanzwe mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, gukenera ibikoresho byiza cyane bya rubber bizakomeza kwiyongera, kandi amahirwe yo ku isoko rya FKM na FFKM ni manini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-24-2025