Mu nganda n’inganda zikora imodoka, ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza. Vuba aha, agapapuro k’imashini gafite imiyoboro ibiri gafite imiterere igezweho n’imikorere myiza cyane kinjiye ku isoko, gaha inganda igisubizo gishya cyo gufunga kandi gatangaza ibitekerezo bya benshi. Muri icyo gihe, ishusho irambuye igaragaza moteri n’ibiyigize yasangiwe cyane kuri interineti, birushaho kunoza imyumvire y’abantu ku miterere ya moteri n’ikoreshwa ry’ibice byo gufunga.
1. Isura y'ibicuruzwa n'imiterere yabyo
Ifuru ifite imigozi ibiri igizwe n'impeta ebyiri za rubber zifatanye: uruhande rumwe ni impeta kare, mu gihe urundi ruhande ari impeta nini y'uruziga ifite akadomo gato ku iherezo. Iyi miterere ntigera gusa ku guhanga udushya mu miterere, ahubwo inasuzuma neza ibisabwa mu mikorere mu gushyiraho no gukoresha ibintu nyabyo. Ikozwe muri rubber nziza kandi itunganywa binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukurura. Ibikoresho bya rubber ubwabyo bifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera, kudashira, no kudashwanyagurika. Uburyo bwo gukurura rubber burushaho kunoza imiterere ya molekile, butuma igumana imiterere ihamye mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -40°C na 150°C no mu bidukikije bifite umuvuduko mwinshi, birimo imiti myinshi, bikarinda gusaza, guhinduka, n'ibindi bibazo, bigatuma ikomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire.
2. Imikorere y'ingenzi n'amashami yo kuyikoresha
(a) Imikorere idasanzwe yo gufunga
Mu bikoresho bya mekanike n'ibinyabiziga, gusohoka kw'amazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe. Kubera imiterere yayo yihariye n'ibikoresho bya rubber byiza cyane, agapfundikizo k'udupfundikizo tubiri gashobora kuzuza neza icyuho gito kiri hagati y'ibice, bigatuma habaho uruzitiro rwizewe rwo gufunga. Urugero, muri moteri z'imodoka, hakenewe gasket y'umutwe wa silinda hagati y'umutwe wa silinda n'agapfundikizo k'umunyu kugira ngo hirindwe kontineri n'amavuta ya moteri bivangwa. Igice cy'impeta kare y'agapfundikizo k'udupfundikizo tubiri gishobora guhinduka neza n'aho gihurira, kikarinda ko amavuta n'amavuta bivangwa, kikarinda ko moteri ikora neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, no guhindagura, kikabungabunga ubwiza bw'amavuta n'ubukonje, kandi kikamara igihe kirekire moteri ikora. Muri sisitemu ya hydraulic y'ibikoresho bya mekanike, igice cy'impeta ya elliptical gihuza ibice bihuza za silinda na pompe za hydraulic, kikabungabunga kontineri n'amavuta bivangwa n'umuvuduko mwinshi bitewe n'ubushobozi bwacyo bwiza bwo guhindura imiterere, kikagenzura imikorere myiza ya sisitemu za hydraulic no kongera imikorere myiza ya mekanike n'imikorere myiza.
(b) Imikorere yo guhuza no gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza
Imiterere y'impeta ebyiri z'ikimenyetso cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi (dual-connector seal) iha ubushobozi bwo gufunga no guhuza. Mu guteranya ibice by'imodoka, nko guhuza hagati y'imashini itwara abantu n'imashini, iki kimenyetso gishyirwa ku murongo, kitagaragaza gusa ko gifunga kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava, ahubwo kinanongera ubukana bw'ikimenyetso binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y'imiyoboro n'imiterere yayo, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika guterwa no gucika intege. Mu miyoboro y'inganda, byoroshya uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro, bisimbura uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'ibinure, bigatuma imiyoboro ifunga kandi igafatana vuba, bigabanya ibyago byo gusohoka kw'imiyoboro, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyitunganya no kuyikoresha mu buryo bugoye, kandi binongera imikorere myiza n'umutekano mu gutwara ibikoresho.
3. Ibyiza by'ingenzi mu mikorere
(a) Uburyo bwo guhuza n'ubushyuhe bwinshi
Ibikoresho by'inganda n'ubukanishi bw'imodoka akenshi bihura n'ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibikoresho bya rubber by'iyi seal ifite connector ebyiri byakozwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza no gufunga neza mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -40°C na 150°C. Mu gihe cy'ubukonje, ishobora kongera kwiyubaka vuba kugira ngo ibone amavuta asanzwe ya moteri z'imodoka, mu gihe mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ntiyoroha cyangwa ngo ihinduke, ikomeza kurinda ibice by'imbere n'amazi.
(b) Kurwanya kwangirika cyane no kurwanya gusaza
Gutembera kenshi kw'ibikoresho n'imodoka mu gihe kirekire bipfundikiye kugira ngo bikomeze gukururana no guhangayika mu buryo buhoraho. Ipfundikizo ry'ibice bibiri rikoresha ibikoresho byiza bya rubber hamwe n'uburyo bwihariye bwo kugabanya gukururana, bigatinda kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, inyongeramusaruro zongerwa kuri iyo fundikizo zirwanya ingaruka z'imirasire ya UV, ozone, n'ibindi bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije. Nubwo nyuma y'igihe kirekire igenda ikururana mu buryo bukomeye, igumana ubushobozi bwo gukurura no gufunga, ikagabanya inshuro zo kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibikoresho, ikagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora, kandi ikanoza imikorere myiza.
(c) Ubudahangarwa bwagutse bw'ibinyabutabire
Mu nganda no mu mikorere y'imodoka, ibishishwa bishyirwa ku bintu bitandukanye bya shimi. Ibikoresho bya rubber by'ibishishwa bibiri byagenewe kurwanya cyane amazi asanzwe y'imodoka, amavuta ya hydraulic yo mu nganda, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'ibindi bintu. Ntibigira impinduka zikomeye ku mubiri cyangwa mu bya shimi ndetse no nyuma y'igihe kirekire, bikarinda amazi gusohoka no kwangirika kw'ibice by'ibikoresho, bigatuma ibikoresho bikora neza mu bidukikije bigoye.
4. Aho imashini zifunga ibintu bibiri (Dual-Connector Seals) ziherereye n'imikorere yabyo
Ku ishusho, bigaragara ko agace k'ingufu zombi gashyirwa hagati y'agace k'ingufu zo kwinjira n'agace k'ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa moteri, ndetse no hagati y'agace k'ingufu zombi n'umutwe wa silinda. Muri ibi bice by'ingenzi, agace k'ingufu zombi gafite uruhare runini mu gufunga. Igice cy'ingufu zombi gihuza neza n'agace k'ingufu zo kwinjira n'agace k'ingufu zo kwinjira, bikarinda ko amavuta ya moteri n'agace k'ingufu zo gukonjesha bisohoka, kandi bigafasha mu gutuma amazi ari muri moteri agumana imikorere isanzwe yo gusiga amavuta no gukonjesha mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, no guhindagura. Igice cy'ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa elliptical gishyirwa hagati y'agace k'ingufu zo kwinjira n'agace k'ingufu zo kwinjira, bityo bigatuma umwuka cyangwa ibivange bishya byinjira muri buri silinda mu buryo bumwe kandi bunoze, bityo bigatuma moteri ikoresha neza kandi igatanga ingufu. Iyi shusho y'uburyo bworoshye ntiyemerera abantu benshi gusobanukirwa neza agace k'ingufu zo kwinjira n'agace k'ingufu zo kwinjira, ahubwo inatanga ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku bahanga mu nganda, bitera imbere mu guhanahana no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-21-2025