Icyemezo cya NSF: Ingwate y'ibanze ku mutekano w'ibikoresho bisukura amazi? Ibyuma by'ingenzi nabyo bifite akamaro!

Intangiriro: Mu guhitamo icyuma gisukura amazi, ikimenyetso cya "NSF Certified" ni igipimo cya zahabu cyo kwizerwa. Ariko se icyuma gisukura gifite icyemezo cya NSF gihamya umutekano usesuye? "Impamyabushobozi ya NSF" mu by'ukuri bisobanura iki? Ese wigeze utekereza ku bumenyi bw'iki gipfundikizo n'isano gifitanye n'igice gisa n'aho ari gito ariko cy'ingenzi kiri mu cyuma gisukura amazi - igipfundikizo cya rubber? Iyi nkuru irasuzuma inshingano ebyiri za NSF, igasubiza ibibazo by'ingenzi, kandi igahishura uburyo ibice by'ingenzi bikora hamwe kugira ngo birinde amazi yawe.

1. NSF: Inshingano ebyiri nk'Ikigo cya siyansi n'Umurinzi w'Umutekano

NSF ikubiyemo inzego ebyiri z'ingenzi zubaka ubwirinzi bw'iterambere rya siyansi n'umutekano w'ibicuruzwa:

1. Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubumenyi (NSF):
   • Ikigo cya leta ya Amerika cyashinzwe mu 1950 gifite intego nyamukuru yo guteza imbere iterambere rya siyansi.
   • Itera inkunga ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze (urugero: gushakisha ikirere, imiterere y'uturemangingo, ubumenyi bw'ibidukikije), itanga ubumenyi bw'ubuzima bw'igihugu, iterambere, imibereho myiza n'umutekano.
   • Ubushakashatsi bwayo butera imbaraga mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no mu nganda zikora ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
2. NSF (yahoze ari NSF Mpuzamahanga):
   • Umuryango wigenga, udaharanira inyungu, utegamiye kuri leta washinzwe mu 1944, ukora nk'ikigo mpuzamahanga mu bijyanye n'ubuzima rusange n'umutekano.
   • Ubucuruzi bw'ingenzi: Guteza imbere amahame ngenderwaho y'ibicuruzwa, ibizamini, na serivisi zo kwemeza amakuru ajyanye n'amazi, ibiribwa, ubumenyi bw'ubuzima, n'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa.
   • Intego: Kugabanya ingaruka ku buzima no kurengera ibidukikije.
   • Ikigo: Gikorera mu bihugu birenga 180, Ikigo Gikorana n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) mu kubungabunga umutekano w'ibiribwa, ireme ry'amazi, n'umutekano w'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi.
   • Amahame menshi yo gutunganya amazi yo kunywa yemejwe nk'Amahame Ngenderwaho y'Igihugu y'Abanyamerika (Amahame Ngenderwaho ya NSF / ANSI).

2. Icyemezo cya NSF: Ikimenyetso cy'imikorere n'umutekano by'ibikoresho bisukura amazi

Uko impungenge z'abaguzi ku mutekano w'amazi yo kunywa ziyongera, imashini zisukura amazi zabaye amahitamo y'ingenzi mu kurinda ubuzima bw'urugo. Sisitemu yo kwemeza amakuru ya NSF ni yo isuzuma rya siyansi niba imashini isukura ikora neza ibyo isaba mu bijyanye no gusukura amazi.

• Amahame Akamaro: NSF ishyiraho amabwiriza akaze ku bikoresho bisukura amazi. Ingero z'ingenzi zirimo:
  • NSF/ANSI 42: Ikemura ingaruka z'ubwiza (uburyohe, impumuro, uduce duto nka chlorine).
  • NSF/ANSI 53: Itegeka ibisabwa kugira ngo hagabanywe ibintu bimwe na bimwe byanduza ubuzima (urugero: lisansi, imiti yica udukoko, VOC, THM, asbestos). Icyemezo bivuze ko bigabanya neza.
  • NSF/ANSI 401: Igamije ibintu bihumanya bivuka/bishobora kubaho (urugero, imiti imwe n'imwe, imiti yica udukoko).
  • NSF P231 (Imashini zisukura amazi mu buryo bwa mikorobe): Isuzuma by'umwihariko sisitemu zo kugabanya mikorobe (urugero: bagiteri, virusi, cysts).
  • NSF P535 (Ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa): Yagenewe ibikoresho byo gusukura amazi yo kunywa mu Bushinwa. Ifite umutekano mu bikoresho, ibisabwa by'ibanze mu mikorere, kandi ikanagenzura ibirego byo kugabanya ibyanduza bimwe na bimwe (urugero: lead, mercure, PFOA/PFOS, BPA).
• Ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyasubijwe: Impamyabumenyi ya NSF isobanura iki?
  • Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi: Icyemezo cya NSF SI uburyo bwo "gutanga amanota" (urugero, Icyiciro A, B). Nta kintu kitwa "Impamyabumenyi ya NSF". Icyemezo cya NSF ni igenzura rya Pasi/Gutsindwa ukurikije amahame runaka.
  • Igisobanuro cy'ingenzi: Umusukura amazi usaba icyemezo cya NSF bivuze ko yatsinze isuzuma n'isuzuma rya NSF ryigenga ku bipimo bimwe cyangwa byinshi byihariye (urugero, NSF/ANSI 53, NSF P231) ivuga ko yujuje. Buri gipimo gisobanura ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kugabanya umwanda cyangwa ibisabwa ku mutekano w'ibikoresho.
  • Kwibanda ku Baguzi: Aho gushaka "impamyabushobozi" itarabaho, abaguzi bagomba kwibanda ku mahame yihariye ya NSF ibicuruzwa byemejwe (ubusanzwe byanditse mu bisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa cyangwa bishobora kwemezwa binyuze mu bubiko bwa interineti bwa NSF). Urugero, umuhanga mu gusukura witwa "NSF Certified" ashobora kuba yaratsinze gusa NSF/ANSI 42 (ivugurura ubwiza), ntabwo ari NSF/ANSI 53 (igabanya ubwandu bw'ubuzima). Kumenya ibyemezo byihariye ni ingenzi.
• Agaciro k'isoko:
  • Inguzanyo y’abaguzi: Impamyabushobozi za NSF zigaragara neza ni ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’ubwishingizi ku baguzi, bigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byakorewe igeragezwa ryigenga ku bushobozi bwavuzwe (kugabanya ubwandu, umutekano w’ibikoresho).
  • Akamaro k'ikirango: Ku bakora ibicuruzwa, kugera ku byangombwa bya NSF (nka P231) ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, bikongera cyane izina ry'ikirango n'ipiganwa.
  • Inyigo ku manza:
    • Aqualuxe nyinshi: Ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigabanya umuvuduko mwinshi wa karuboni, igabanya virusi ku kigero cya 99.99%, igabanya bagiteri ku kigero cya 99.99%, kandi igabanya neza imyanda irenga 100. Ni yo sisitemu yonyine ku isi yemewe na NSF P231 (Microbiological Purifiers). (Igaragaza ko ikurikiza amahame akomeye ya mikorobe, ntabwo ari "urwego rudasobanutse").
    • Philips Water: Imashini 20 zisukura amazi zikoresheje reverse osmosis zabonye icyemezo cya NSF P535, bituma iba sosiyete ya mbere mu gihugu mu Bushinwa ibikora, ikomeza ubuyobozi bwayo ku isoko. (Ibyingenzi byujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho byagenewe Ubushinwa)

3. "Intwari Idasebanywa" y'Umusukura Amazi: Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'Ibipfukisho bya Rubber

Mu buryo buhambaye bw'icyuma gisukura, imitako ya kabutura ni mito ariko ni ngombwa cyane. Icyemezo cya NSF ntigisuzuma gusa imikorere ya firigo; ibisabwa mu buryo bukomeye byo "kurinda ibikoresho" bireba ibice by'ingenzi nk'imitako.

• Inshingano y'ingenzi: Gufunga inzira y'amazi neza (aho amazi afungirwa, aho ahurizwa), gukumira amazi ava mu mazi no kwanduzanya amazi yavuwe n'ayo yavuwe. Ni ingenzi kugira ngo amazi akore neza kandi mu mutekano.
• Ingaruka z'Ubuziranenge: Ifuru zidafite ubuziranenge zishobora gutera amazi ava, kwangirika, cyangwa gusohoka mu bintu byangiza. Ibi bibangamira cyane imikorere yo gusukura, bihumanya amazi yasukuwe, byangiza icyuma, bigatera kwangirika kw'umutungo (urugero: hasi huzuye amazi), kandi bigateza ibyago ku buzima. Nubwo haba hari filters zemewe kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, kwangirika cyangwa kwandura bishobora kwangiza umutekano wa sisitemu yose n'ubuziranenge bw'icyemezo cya NSF.

4. Gukomeza umurongo wa nyuma w'ubwirinzi:Ibyuma bya Rubber Bikora Cyane

Twibanda ku gutanga ibisubizo by'urusenda rwa rubber bifite imikorere myiza ku nganda zisukura amazi, dusobanukiwe akamaro kabyo mu kurinda sisitemu no kubungabunga icyemezo cya NSF:

• Umutekano w'ibikoresho: Guhitamo neza ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa na NSF (urugero, guhuza NSF/ANSI 61 ku bice by'amazi yo kunywa), byapimwe neza kugira ngo harebwe ko nta mazi asohoka, ko atajya mu mazi cyangwa ko yanduye igihe kirekire, birinda ko amazi asukura kandi bikubahiriza amabwiriza ya NSF ku mutekano w'ibikoresho.
• Gukora mu buryo bunonosoye: Uburyo buhanitse bwo gukora butuma habaho ubwiza buhanitse kandi bukora neza kugira ngo amazi akomeze kumera neza mu gihe kirekire.
• QC ikomeye: Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge mu byiciro byinshi (rijyanye n’ibisabwa mu isuzuma rya NSF) kuva ku bikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye ritanga umusaruro wizewe kandi urambye.
• Imikorere idasanzwe:
  • Irwanya Gusaza Cyane: Igumana ubushyuhe bwiza kandi igafunga neza mu gihe cy'ubushuhe burambye, ubushyuhe butandukanye, n'urugero rwa pH, yongerera igihe cyo kubaho kandi ikubahiriza amategeko igihe kirekire.
  • Kwizerwa: Bigabanya cyane amazi ava, kugabanuka k'imikorere, cyangwa gusana bitewe n'ikosa ry'urupapuro, bigatanga imikorere irambye, nta mpungenge, kandi ifite umutekano.
• Guhindura: Ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibisubizo by'uburinzi bushingiye ku gishushanyo/icyitegererezo cyihariye cy'umusemburo w'isukura hamwe n'ibisabwa mu kwemeza NSF.

Umwanzuro: Icyemezo ≠ Igipimo kidasobanutse, Ibice by'ingenzi bitanga icyizere cy'umutekano uhoraho

Icyemezo cya NSF ni icyemezo cya siyansi kigaragaza ko icyuma gisukura amazi cyujuje ibipimo byihariye by’umutekano n’imikorere binyuze mu isuzuma rikomeye, gitanga ubuyobozi busobanutse ku bakoresha. Wibuke ko bisobanura kunyura mu bipimo ngenderwaho, atari "urwego" rusobanutse neza. Ariko, umutekano w’igihe kirekire w’icyuma gisukura n’icyemezo gishingiye ku bwiza no kuramba kw’ibice byacyo by’imbere, nk’udupfundikizo twa kabutike. Hamwe, bigize urunigi rwuzuye rurinda amazi yo kunywa yo mu rugo. Guhitamo icyuma gisukura gifite icyemezo cya NSF cyavuzwe neza (urugero, NSF/ANSI 53, NSF P231, NSF P535) no kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ibice byacyo by’ingenzi (cyane cyane udupfundikizo tw’ingenzi ku mutekano) ni amahitamo meza ku bakoresha bashaka amazi yo kunywa arambye, yizewe kandi afite ubuzima bwiza.