Umukandara ugereranije n'ikoti ririnda amasasu: Gushushanya bene wanyu bambara amabara mu buzima bwanyu bwa buri munsi

Igika cy'Umuyobozi

Kuva kuri moteri z'imodoka kugeza ku turindantoki two mu gikoni, ubwoko bubiri bwa rabu—NBR na HNBR—bikora bucece inyuma y'ibigaragara. Nubwo bisa, itandukaniro ryabyo riragaragara nk'umutaka ugereranije n'ikoti ritarinda amasasu. Dore uko aba "bavandimwe ba rabu" bashushanya ibintu byose kuva ku ruganda rwawe rwa kawa rwa mu gitondo kugeza ku byuma bicukura mu nyanja.

1. Igiti cy'umuryango wa Rubber: Hurira n'impanga

NBR: Intwari ya Buri Munsi
Tekereza NBR nk'umutaka wawe wizewe. Yakozwe muri butadiene (igice cyoroshye gikomoka kuri peteroli) na acrylonitrile (ikigo cy'amashanyarazi kidakoresha peteroli), irahendutse kandi yizewe - kugeza igihe habaye imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

• Aho uzahasanga: Amapine y'amagare, uturindantoki dukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha, n'inkweto zihendutse zo mu mazi.

• Ahantu hato: Hameneka iyo umuntu abonye izuba igihe kirekire cyangwa ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 120°C (tekereza shokora yashongeshejwe).

HNBR: Iterambere ridashobora kwangirika
HNBR ni umuvandi wa NBR ufite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse. Abahanga mu bya siyansi "bakomeza" imiterere yayo ya molekile bakoresheje hydrogen, bahindura "amapfundo" yoroshye mo imigozi idacika.

• Ingufu zidasanzwe: Irakira ubushyuhe bwa 150°C kandi irwanya gusaza nk'iy'isuku y'izuba.

• Igiciro: igiciro cyikubye inshuro 3–5 bitewe n'ingufu za platine zikoreshwa mu gukora.

Igereranya ry'ingenzi:
Niba NBR ari umukufi ufite udushumi tudakomeye, HNBR iwusudira—bigatuma uba ukomeye bihagije ku buryo moteri z'imodoka n'ingendo zo mu nyanja ya Arctique zikora ingendo.

2. Ibizamini bikabije: Ubushyuhe, Ubukonje, n'igihe cy'ubuzima

Intambara z'ubushyuhe

• NBR: Irananirwa kuri 120°C (nk'umutaka utemba mu gihe cy'umuyaga).

• HNBR: Ikora neza kuri 150°C (ubushyuhe burinda ubushyuhe bw'ibice bya moteri).

Urugero rw'Isi Nyayo:
Imbere mu modoka mu mpeshyi hagera kuri dogere selisiyusi 70—amatapi ya rubber ahendutse arafata, mu gihe HNBR iguma ikomeye.

Kuramba Isura Ifunguye

• NBR: Imyanya nyuma y'imyaka 3-5 iri hanze.

• HNBR: Imara imyaka irenga icumi, ndetse no mu bidukikije birimo imirasire ya UV.

Igerageza rya DIY:
Fata imipira yombi ku rukuta rwo ku ibaraza. Nyuma y'umwaka, NBR izacika; HNBR ikomeza kuba irambuye.

3. Ihishe mu maso hagaragara: Inshingano zabo z'ibanga

Ibigo bya buri munsi bya NBR

• Igikoni: Uturindantoki two gutekesha tudakoresha amavuta.

• Ubwikorezi: Imiyoboro y'amavuta ya moto, imiyoboro y'amapine y'amagare.

• Ubuvuzi: Uturindantoki duhendutse dukoreshwa mu gihe gito (ariko ntabwo ari imiti ikaze).

Inshingano zikomeye za HNBR

• Inganda z'imodoka: Imiyoboro ya Turbocharger, imitako ya moteri mu modoka zihenze.

• Ibidukikije bikabije: Gasket zo gucukura mu nyanja nini, imitako y'amakoti yo gusiganwa ku rubura.

• Ikoranabuhanga ry'ejo hazaza: Udukingirizo twa bateri z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Ese wari ubizi?
Moteri y'imodoka ihenze ishobora kuba ifite ibice 5+ bya HNBR—nyamara abashoferi benshi ntibabyitayeho!

4. Impamvu HNBR itwara amafaranga menshi

"Alchemie" Irimo

Gukora HNBR si uruvange rw'ibintu gusa—ni uburyo bukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi kandi bukoreshwa na platine. Kataloji yonyine irya 30% by'igiciro.

Paradoksi y'ibidukikije

Gukora HNBR bikubye kabiri CO₂ ya NBR. Ariko igihe kirekire cyo kubaho kwayo bivuze ko idashobora gusimburwa, bigatuma irushaho kuba nziza uko igihe kigenda gihita—nk'uko ikora mu gihe cy'imbeho kandi ikagira ibara ryihuse.

5. Guhitamo neza: Inyigisho z'umuguzi

Igihe cyo guhitamo NBR

• Gukosora by'igihe gito (urugero, gufunga by'agateganyo).

• Ahantu hakonje (udukoresho two gukingira inzugi za firigo).

• Ibintu by'igiciro gito (inkweto z'abana zo mu bwoko bwa "rainer boys").

Igihe cyo gukoresha amafaranga menshi kuri HNBR

• Ibikoresho bishyushya cyane (udupfundikizo two gutekesha umuceri).

• Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'umutekano (ibihuza ibikoresho byo muri laboratwari).

• Ishoramari ry'igihe kirekire (ibice by'imodoka by'igiciro cyinshi).

Inama y'inzobere:
Ibicuruzwa byo kuri interineti bifite "ubudahangarwa bwa 150°C" cyangwa "garanti y'imyaka 10" bishobora gukoresha HNBR—kugenzura ibiciro kugira ngo hirindwe uburiganya!

6. Ejo hazaza: Ese Rubber imwe izabategeka bose?

Nubwo HNBR ari yo yiganje mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, NBR ntabwo igiye kuzima. Abahanga mu bya siyansi ni aba:

• Kongera igihe cyo kubaho cya NBR hamwe n'ibirwanya okisidanti.

• Gukora HNBR irinda ibidukikije ikoresheje ifu y'ibigori.

Igitekerezo cy'ibizaza:
"Rubber idapfa amasasu" ikozwe mu bijumba ishobora kurinda rovers za Mars—ndetse n'uruganda rwawe rukora ikawa.

Gutwara bya nyuma

Ubutaha uzabona ikintu cya kabutura, uzabaze uti: “Uyu ni umutaka cyangwa ikoti ritarinda amasasu?” Irushanwa ryabo ryimbitse rituma isi yacu ikomeza gukora—kuva ku gatambaro zo mu maduka kugeza ku byuma bikingira ibyogajuru.