Nhanganyaya
Muindasitiri yemazuva ano, zvinhu zverabha zvava kukosha nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwakasiyana-siyana hwakadai sekupfava, kusakara, uye kusashanda kwemakemikari. Pakati peizvi, rabha yefluorine (FKM) nerabha yeperfluoroether (FFKM) dzinoonekwa semarabha anoshanda zvakanyanya, anozivikanwa nekusashanda kwawo kwemakemikari nekupisa kwakanyanya. Ongororo iyi yakazara inotarisa mutsauko, mashandisirwo, mitengo, mafomu, uye hunhu hweFKM neFFKM, nechinangwa chekupa ruzivo rwakakosha kune vane chekuita nemaindasitiri ane hukama.
Musiyano Mukuru Pakati peFluorine Rubber (FKM) nePerfluoroether Rubber (FFKM)
Maumbirwo emakemikari
Musiyano mukuru pakati peFKM neFFKM uri mumaumbirwo adzo emakemikari. FKM ipolymer ine fluorinated zvishoma ine carbon-carbon bonds (CC) muketani yayo huru, nepo FFKM ipolymer ine fluorinated yakazara ine carbon-oxygen-carbon (COC) structure, yakabatana nemaatomu eokisijeni (O). Kusiyana uku kwechimiro kunoratidza kuti FFKM inodzivirira makemikari zvakanyanya uye kupisa kwakanyanya kana tichienzanisa neFKM.
Kuramba Makemikari
Cheni huru yeFFKM, isina mabhondi ecarbon-carbon, inopa simba rakawedzerwa rekudzivirira makemikari. Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pano, simba rebhondi remabhondi ecarbon-hydrogen ndiro rakaderera (inenge 335 kJ/mol), izvo zvinogona kuita kuti FKM isashande zvakanaka muma oxidants akasimba uye polar solvents zvichienzaniswa neFFKM. FFKM inodzivirira makemikari akawanda anozivikanwa, kusanganisira strong acids, bases, organic solvents, uye oxidants.
Kuramba Kupisa Kwakanyanya
FFKM inobudirirawo mukudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Kunyange zvazvo tembiricha yekushanda yeFKM inoramba ichishanda inowanzova pakati pe200-250°C, FFKM inogona kutsungirira tembiricha inosvika 260-300°C. Kugadzikana uku kwekupisa kwakanyanya kunoita kuti FFKM ive yakakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Minda Yekushandisa
Rabha yeFluorine (FKM)
FKM inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekusagona kwayo makemikari uye kusagona kupisa zvakanyanya:
- Indasitiri yeMotokari: FKM inoshandiswa mukugadzira zvisimbiso, zvisimbiso zvemafuta, maO-rings, nezvimwewo, kunyanya mumainjini nemasisitimu ekutumira zvinhu.
- Indasitiri yeMakemikoro: FKM inoshandiswa pakuisa zvisimbiso mumapaipi, mavharuvhu, mapombi, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira kubuda kwemakemikari.
- Indasitiri yezvemagetsi: Inoshandiswa pakuisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa muwaya netambo, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzine makemikari anoparadza.
Rabha rePerfluoroether (FFKM)
FFKM inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinoda makemikari akasimba uye kupisa kwakanyanya:
- Muchadenga: FFKM inoshandiswa pakuisa zvisimbiso mundege nemuchadenga kuti itsungirire kupisa kwakanyanya uye nharaunda dzemakemikari.
- Indasitiri yeSemiconductor: Inoshandiswa pakuisa zvisimbiso mumichina yekugadzira semiconductor kudzivirira kubuda kwegasi remakemikari.
- Indasitiri yePetrochemical: FFKM inoshandiswa pakuisa zvisimbiso mumidziyo inopisa zvakanyanya uye ine simba guru muzvicheneswa zvemafuta nemakemikari.
Mutengo neMutengo
Mutengo weFFKM wekugadzira wakakwira zvakanyanya unoguma nemutengo wepamusoro wemusika uchienzaniswa neFKM. Kuoma kwezvinhu zveFFKM uye maitiro ekugadzira zvinoita kuti mutengo wayo uwedzere. Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvekushanda zvakanaka kweFFKM munzvimbo dzakaoma, mutengo wayo wakakwira unonzwisisika mune mamwe mashandisirwo.
Fomu uye Kugadziriswa
Rabha yeFluorine (FKM)
FKM inowanzo pihwa serabha yakasimba, rabha yakagadzirwa, kana zvikamu zvakagadzirwa kare. Nzira dzayo dzekugadzirisa dzinosanganisira kumanikidza, kuburitsa, uye kupinza. FKM inoda michina yakasarudzika uye parameters dzemaitiro nekuda kwekupisa kwayo kwakanyanya.
Rabha rePerfluoroether (FFKM)
FFKM inopihwawo muchimiro cherabha yakasimba, rabha yakagadzirwa, kana zvikamu zvakagadzirwa kare. Kusashanda kwayo zvakanyanya kunoda tembiricha yepamusoro yekugadzirisa uye zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemidziyo uye maitiro.
Kuenzanisa Kwekushanda
Kuramba Makemikari
Kusagona kushandisa makemikari kweFFKM kuri nani zvikuru pane kweFKM. FFKM inodzivirira makemikari akawanda anozivikanwa, anosanganisira maasidhi akasimba, mabhesi, zvinonyungudutsa zvakasikwa, uye zvinonyungudutsa. Kunyangwe FKM ichipawo makemikari akanaka, haishande zvakanyanya mune mamwe maoxydants akasimba uye zvinonyungudutsa zvine polar zvichienzaniswa neFFKM.
Kuramba Kupisa Kwakanyanya
Kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kweFFKM kwakanyanya kupfuura kweFKM. Kupisa kwekushanda kwenguva refu kweFKM kunowanzova 200-250°C, nepo FFKM ichigona kusvika 260-300°C. Kugadzikana uku kwekupisa kwakanyanya kunoita kuti FFKM ishandiswe zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Kushanda Kwemakanika
FKM neFFKM zvese zvine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, kusanganisira kuchinjika kwakanyanya, kusakara, uye kusabvaruka. Zvisinei, hunhu hwemakanika hweFFKM hwakagadzikana zvakanyanya kana tembiricha yakakwira, zvichiita kuti ive yakavimbika zvakanyanya kana ichishanda patembiricha yakakwira.
Tarisiro yeMusika
Nekufambira mberi kuri kuita tekinoroji yeindasitiri, kudiwa kwezvinhu zverabha zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kuri kuwedzera. FKM neFFKM dzine mikana yakawanda yekushandisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana nekuda kwekushanda kwazvo:
- Indasitiri yeMotokari: Kugadzirwa kwemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba kuri kuwedzera kudiwa kwezvisimbiso zvinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye zvinodzivirira ngura nemakemikari, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kweFKM neFFKM.
- Indasitiri yeMakemikoro: Kuwanda uye kuoma kwezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari kuri kuwedzera kudiwa kwezvisimbiso zvisingapindi mishonga, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kweFKM neFFKM.
- Indasitiri yeMagetsi: Kushandiswa kwemagetsi mashoma uye kushanda kwepamusoro kwemidziyo yemagetsi kuri kuwedzera kudiwa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya uye ngura yemakemikari, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kweFKM neFFKM.
Mhedziso
Rabha yeFluorine (FKM) nerabha yeperfluoroether (FFKM), senzira dzekushandisa rabha dzinoshanda zvakanyanya, dzine mikana yakawanda yekushandisa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekusagona kwavo kushandisa makemikari uye kusagona kupisa zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe FFKM ichidhura zvakanyanya, kushanda kwayo kwakanaka munzvimbo dzakaomarara kunoita kuti ive nebhenefiti isingatsivike mune mamwe mashandisirwo. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuitwa tekinoroji yeindasitiri, kudiwa kwezvinhu zvinoshandisa rabha zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kucharamba kuchikwira, uye mikana yemusika yeFKM neFFKM yakakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-24-2025