Intshayelelo
Kwimiba yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, izinto zerabha ziye zaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezibalaseleyo ezifana nokuthamba, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali. Phakathi kwezi, irabha ye-fluorine (FKM) kunye nerabha ye-perfluoroether (FFKM) zibonakala njengeerabha ezisebenza kakuhle, ezidume ngokumelana kwazo okuphezulu kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Olu hlalutyo lubanzi lujonga umahluko, usetyenziso, iindleko, iifom, kunye neempawu ze-FKM kunye ne-FFKM, lujolise ekuboneleleni ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kubachaphazelekayo kumashishini anxulumene noko.
Umahluko Oyintloko Phakathi Kwerabha YeFluorine (FKM) Nerabha YePerfluoroether (FFKM)
Ulwakhiwo lweKhemikhali
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-FKM kunye ne-FFKM ukwizakhiwo zazo zeekhemikhali. I-FKM yi-polymer e-fluorinated partially ene-carbon-carbon bonds (CC) kwikhonkco layo eliphambili, ngelixa i-FFKM yi-polymer e-fluorinated fully enesakhiwo se-carbon-oxygen-carbon (COC), eqhagamshelwe zii-athomu ze-oxygen (O). Olu tshintsho lwesakhiwo luthi i-FFKM inamandla aphezulu okumelana neekhemikhali kunye nobushushu obuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-FKM.
Ukumelana neekhemikhali
Ikhonkco eliphambili le-FFKM, elingenazo iibhondi zekhabhoni-khabhoni, linika ukumelana okuphuculweyo kwimidiya yamakhemikhali. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ohamba nayo, amandla ebhondi yeebhondi zekhabhoni-hydrogen ngawona aphantsi (malunga ne-335 kJ/mol), nto leyo enokwenza i-FKM ingasebenzi kakuhle kwii-oxidants ezinamandla kunye nee-polar solvents xa kuthelekiswa ne-FFKM. I-FFKM imelana phantse nayo yonke imidiya yamakhemikhali eyaziwayo, kuquka ii-acids ezinamandla, iziseko, ii-organic solvents, kunye nee-oxidants.
Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu
I-FFKM ikwagqwesa kakhulu ekumelaneni nobushushu obuphezulu. Nangona ubushushu obuqhubekayo be-FKM buqhele ukuba phakathi kwama-200-250°C, i-FFKM inokumelana nobushushu obufikelela kuma-260-300°C. Olu zinzo lobushushu obuphezulu lwenza i-FFKM ifaneleke ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu.
IiNdawo zeSicelo
Irabha yeFluorine (FKM)
I-FKM isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo neekhemikhali kunye nokumelana kwayo nobushushu obuphakathi:
- Ishishini leeMoto: I-FKM isetyenziswa ekwenzeni izitywini, izitywini zeoyile, ii-O-rings, nokunye, ngakumbi kwiinjini nakwiinkqubo zothumelo.
- Ishishini leeKhemikhali: I-FKM isetyenziselwa izitywino kwiipayipi, iivalvu, iimpompo, kunye nezinye izixhobo ukuthintela ukuvuza kweendaba zeekhemikhali.
- Ishishini le-Elektroniki: Lisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa kwee-insulation layers kwiingcingo nakwiintambo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu nezinobuthi beekhemikhali.
Irabha yePerfluoroether (FFKM)
I-FFKM isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifuna ukumelana okugqwesileyo kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu obuphezulu:
- I-Aerospace: I-FFKM isetyenziselwa izitywini kwiinqwelo-moya nakwizikhephe ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye neendawo ezineekhemikhali.
- Ishishini leSemiconductor: Lisetyenziselwa izitywino kwizixhobo zokwenza i-semiconductor ukuthintela ukuvuza kwegesi yamakhemikhali.
- Ishishini lePetrochemical: I-FFKM isetyenziselwa izitywini kwizixhobo ezishushu kakhulu nezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiindawo zokucocisa ioyile nakwimizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali.
Ixabiso kunye nexabiso
Iindleko zemveliso eziphezulu ze-FFKM zikhokelela kwixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu kwimarike xa kuthelekiswa ne-FKM. Ubunzima bezinto ezikrwada ze-FFKM kunye nenkqubo yemveliso bunyusa iindleko zayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-FFKM kwiindawo ezigqithisileyo, ixabiso layo eliphezulu liyathetheleleka kwezinye izicelo.
Ifomu kunye nokuCwangciswa
Irabha yeFluorine (FKM)
I-FKM idla ngokunikezelwa njengerabha eqinileyo, irabha edityanisiweyo, okanye iindawo ezilungisiweyo. Iindlela zayo zokucubungula ziquka ukubumba okucinezelweyo, ukukhupha, kunye nokubumba ngenaliti. I-FKM ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo ngenxa yobushushu bayo obuphezulu bokucubungula.
Irabha yePerfluoroether (FFKM)
I-FFKM ikwabonelelwa ngendlela yerabha eqinileyo, irabha edityanisiweyo, okanye iindawo ezenziwe kwangaphambili. Ukumelana kwayo nobushushu obuphezulu kufuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okucubungula kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zezixhobo kunye neenkqubo.
Uthelekiso loKusebenza
Ukumelana neekhemikhali
Ukumelana kweekhemikhali zeFFKM kungcono kakhulu kunezeFKM. I-FFKM iyamelana phantse nazo zonke iikhemikhali ezaziwayo, kuquka ii-acids ezinamandla, iziseko, izinyibilikisi zendalo, kunye nee-oxidants. Nangona i-FKM ikwabonelela ngokumelana okuhle kweekhemikhali, ayisebenzi kakuhle kwezinye ii-oxidants ezinamandla kunye nezinyibilikisi ze-polar xa kuthelekiswa neFFKM.
Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu
Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu be-FFKM kungaphezulu kune-FKM. Ubushushu obuqhubekayo be-FKM buhlala buyi-200-250°C, ngelixa i-FFKM inokufikelela kwi-260-300°C. Olu zinzo lobushushu obuphezulu lwenza i-FFKM isebenziseke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezixineneyo.
Ukusebenza koomatshini
Zombini i-FKM kunye ne-FFKM zineempawu ezintle kakhulu zoomatshini, kubandakanya ukuthamba okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nokumelana nokukrazula. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zoomatshini ze-FFKM zizinzile ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ithembeke ngakumbi kwiindlela zobushushu obuphezulu.
Amathemba eMarike
Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yemizi-mveliso, imfuno yezinto zerabha ezisebenza kakuhle iyanda. I-FKM kunye ne-FFKM zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo:
- Ishishini leeMoto: Uphuhliso lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla luyandisa imfuno yezitywini ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu nezimelana nokugqwala ngamakhemikhali, nto leyo eyandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-FKM kunye ne-FFKM.
- Ishishini leeKhemikhali: Ukwahlukahluka kunye nobunzima beemveliso zeekhemikhali kwandisa imfuno yezitywini ezimelana neekhemikhali, nto leyo eyandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-FKM kunye ne-FFKM.
- Ishishini le-Elektroniki: Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincinci kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kwandisa imfuno yezinto zokukhusela ezimelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokugqwala kweekhemikhali, nto leyo eyandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-FKM kunye ne-FFKM.
Isiphelo
Irabha yeFluorine (FKM) kunye nerabha yePerfluoroether (FFKM), njengabameli berabha ezisebenzayo kakhulu, zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokumelana kwazo kakuhle kweekhemikhali kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Nangona iFFKM ibiza kakhulu, ukusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kwiindawo ezigqithisileyo kuyinika inzuzo engenakutshintshwa kwezinye izicelo. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yemizi-mveliso, imfuno yezinto zerabha ezisebenzayo kakhulu iya kuqhubeka isanda, kwaye amathuba emarike eFKM kunye neFFKM abanzi.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-24-2025