Njengoba “amehlo” ezinhlelo ezithuthukile zokusiza abashayeli (ADAS) kanye nezinkundla zokushayela ezizimele, amamojula ekhamera yezimoto abalulekile ekuphepheni kwemoto. Ubuqotho balezi zinhlelo zombono buncike kakhulu emandleni azo okumelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Izindandatho zokuvala, njengezingxenye zokuvikela ezibalulekile, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokunikeza ukumelana nothuli, umswakama, ukudlidliza, nezinga lokushisa elidlulele. Ukukhetha uphawu olufanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza imininingwane ebalulekile—impahla, usayizi, namazinga okusebenza—ukwazisa inqubo yokukhetha izixazululo zokuvala amakhamera ezimoto.
1. Ukucaciswa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Isisekelo Sokuvala Ukusebenza
Ukukhethwa kwe-elastomer kunquma ngokuqondile ukumelana kophawu lokushisa, amakhemikhali, nokuguga. Izinto ezivame kakhulu zezimpawu zekhamera yezimoto zifaka:
- I-Nitrile Rubber (NBR): Yaziwa kakhulu ngokumelana nowoyela namafutha asuselwa ku-petroleum, kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuhuzuka. I-NBR iyinketho engabizi kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphakathi kwezingxenye zenjini noma izindawo ezichayeke esikhungweni sikawoyela. Ubulukhuni obujwayelekile busuka ku-60 kuye ku-90 Shore A.
- I-Silicone Rubber (VMQ): Inikeza izinga lokushisa elikhethekile lokusebenza (cishe -60°C kuya ku-+225°C) kuyilapho igcina ukuguquguquka. Ukumelana kwayo ne-ozone kanye nesimo sezulu kuyenza ibe into ekhethwayo yezimpawu zekhamera zangaphandle ezichayeka elangeni eliqondile kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwe-ambient.
- I-Fluoroelastomer (FKM): Inikeza ukumelana okuphakeme namazinga okushisa aphezulu (kufika ku-+200°C nangaphezulu), izinto zokubasa, uwoyela, nohlu olubanzi lwamakhemikhali anolaka. I-FKM ivamise ukucaciswa kuma-seal eduze nezingxenye ze-powertrain noma endaweni eshisa kakhulu futhi okungenzeka ibe khona amakhemikhali yamaphakethe ebhethri emoto kagesi (EV). Ubulukhuni obujwayelekile buphakathi kuka-70 no-85 Shore A.
Ithiphu Lokukhetha: Indawo yokusebenza iyisishayeli esiyinhloko sokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo. Cabangela izidingo zokushisa eziqhubekayo neziphezulu, kanye nokuchayeka kuketshezi, izinto zokuhlanza, noma usawoti womgwaqo.
2. Amapharamitha angama-Dimensional: Ukuqinisekisa Ukulingana Okunembile
Isigxivizo sisebenza kahle kuphela uma silingana kahle nendlu yekhamera. Amapharamitha angukhiye wobukhulu kufanele afaniswe ngokucophelela nomklamo wemojuli:
- Ngaphakathi Ububanzi (ID): Kumelwe ihambisane ngokunembile nombhobho welensi noma ububanzi bomgodi okhuphukayo. Ukubekezelelana kuvame ukucinana, kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-±0.10 mm, ukuvimbela izikhala ezingafaka uphawu engozini.
- I-Cross-Section (CS): Lobu bubanzi bentambo yophawu buthonya ngokuqondile amandla okucindezela. Izingxenye eziphambanayo ezijwayelekile zisuka ku-1.0 mm ziye ku-3.0 mm kumakhamera amancane. I-CS elungile iqinisekisa ukucindezelwa okwanele ngaphandle kokubangela ukucindezeleka okweqile okungaholela ekuhlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ukucindezelwa: Uphawu kufanele luklanywe ukuthi lucindezelwe ngamaphesenti athile (imvamisa engu-15-30%) ngaphakathi kwendlala yawo. Lokhu kucindezela kudala ingcindezi yokuxhumana edingekayo yokuvimbela okusebenzayo. Ukucindezelwa okungaphansi kuholela ekuvuzeni, kuyilapho ukucindezela ngokweqile kungabangela ukuphuma, ukungqubuzana okuphezulu, nokuguga okusheshayo.
Kumajiyometri ezindlu angajwayelekile, ama-seal abunjwe ngokwezifiso anemiklamo ethile yendebe (isb., inkomishi ye-U, emise okwe-D, noma amaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi) ayatholakala. Ukuhlinzeka abahlinzeki ngemidwebo enembile ye-2D noma amamodeli e-3D CAD kubalulekile kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
3. Ukusebenza Nokuhambisana: Ukuhlangana Kwamazinga Omkhakha Wezimoto
Izigxivizo zezimoto kufanele zibekezelele ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa okuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka phakathi nokuphila kwemoto. Izilinganiso zokusebenza ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:
- Ukumelana Nezinga Lezinga lokushisa: Izivalo kufanele zimelane nokuhamba ngamabhayisikili ashisayo (isb, -40°C kuya ku-+85°C noma ngaphezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphansi kwe-hood) izinkulungwane zemijikelezo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ukuqina, noma ukuguqulwa unomphela.
- I-Ingress Protection (Isilinganiso Se-IP): Izivalo zibalulekile ekufinyeleleni izilinganiso ze-IP6K7 (uthuli-uthuli) kanye ne-IP6K9K (ingcindezi ephezulu/ukuhlanza umusi). Ngokucwiliswa emanzini, i-IP67 (imitha elingu-1 imizuzu engu-30) kanye ne-IP68 (ukucwiliswa okujulile/okude) kuyizinto eziqondiwe ezivamile, eziqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa okunzima.
- Ukuqina Nokucindezelwa Kwesethi: Ngemva kokucindezelwa isikhathi eside kanye nengcindezi (efaniswe nokuhlolwa okufana namahora angu-1,000 ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme), uphawu kufanele lubonise isethi yokuminyanisa ephansi. Izinga lokuthola kabusha elingu->80% ngemva kokuhlolwa libonisa ukuthi impahla izogcina amandla ayo okuvala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- I-Environmental Resistance: Ukumelana ne-ozone (ASTM D1149), imisebe ye-UV, kanye nomswakama kuyinto evamile. Ukuhambisana noketshezi lwezimoto (i-brake fluid, coolant, njll.) nakho kuyaqinisekiswa.
- Iziqu Zezimoto: Abakhiqizi abasebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi ye-IATF 16949 babonisa ukuzibophezela ezinqubweni eziqinile ezidingekayo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto.
Isiphetho: Indlela Ehlelekile Yokukhetha
Ukukhetha iringi yokuvala efanelekile kuyisinqumo samasu esilinganisa izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, izinselelo zemvelo, kanye nezindleko. Ngaphambi kokuphothula ukukhetha, chaza ngokucacile izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali, izithiyo zendawo, kanye nezitifiketi ezidingekayo zemboni.
Nakuba iyingxenye encane, iringi yokuvala iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zesimanje zokubona izimoto. Indlela ye-methodical yokucaciswa iqinisekisa ukuthi lawa "mehlo" emoto ahlala ecacile futhi ethembekile, imayela nemayela. Ukusebenzisana nomphakeli oqeqeshiwe ohlinzeka ngedatha yezobuchwepheshe eqinile nokusekelwa kokuqinisekisa kukhiye kumphumela oyimpumelelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-25-2025