Isingeniso
Embonini yesimanje, izinto zerabha sezibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile njengokunwebeka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali. Phakathi kwalezi, irabha ye-fluorine (FKM) kanye nerabha ye-perfluoroether (FFKM) zivelele njengerabha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezidumile ngokumelana kwazo okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. Lokhu kuhlaziywa okuphelele kuhlolisisa umehluko, ukusetshenziswa, izindleko, amafomu, kanye nezakhiwo ze-FKM kanye ne-FFKM, okuhlose ukunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kubabambiqhaza ezimbonini ezihlobene.
Umehluko Oyisisekelo Phakathi Kwerabha Ye-Fluorine (FKM) Nerabha Ye-Perfluoroether (FFKM)
Isakhiwo Samakhemikhali
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-FKM ne-FFKM usezakhiweni zawo zamakhemikhali. I-FKM iyi-polymer efakwe uketshezi oluyingxenye enezibopho ze-carbon-carbon (CC) eketangeni layo eliyinhloko, kanti i-FFKM iyi-polymer efakwe uketshezi oluphelele enesakhiwo se-carbon-oxygen-carbon (COC), esixhunywe ngama-athomu e-oxygen (O). Lokhu kungafani kwesakhiwo 赋予FFKM ukumelana kwamakhemikhali okuphezulu nokushisa okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FKM.
Ukumelana namakhemikhali
Uchungechunge oluyinhloko lwe-FFKM, olungenazo izibopho ze-carbon-carbon, lunikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe nemidiya yamakhemikhali. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esihambisana nalokhu, amandla esibopho sezibopho ze-carbon-hydrogen aphansi kakhulu (cishe ama-335 kJ/mol), okungenza i-FKM ingasebenzi kahle kuma-oxidants aqinile kanye nezixazululo ze-polar uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FFKM. I-FFKM imelana cishe nazo zonke imidiya yamakhemikhali eyaziwayo, kufaka phakathi ama-acids aqinile, izisekelo, izixazululo eziphilayo, kanye nama-oxidants.
Ukumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu
I-FFKM iphumelela kakhulu ekumelaneni nokushisa okuphezulu. Nakuba izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliqhubekayo le-FKM livame ukuba phakathi kuka-200-250°C, i-FFKM ingamelana nokushisa okufika ku-260-300°C. Lokhu kuzinza kokushisa okuphezulu kwenza i-FFKM ifaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni ezindaweni ezibucayi.
Izinkambu Zohlelo Lokusebenza
Irabha yeFluorine (FKM)
I-FKM isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle kwamakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu okuphakathi:
- Imboni Yezimoto: I-FKM iqashwe ekwakhiweni kwezivalo, izivalo zikawoyela, ama-O-ring, nokuningi, ikakhulukazi ezinjini nasezinhlelweni zokudlulisa izimoto.
- Imboni Yamakhemikhali: I-FKM isetshenziselwa izivalo emapayipini, amavalvu, amaphampu, kanye neminye imishini ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwemidiya yamakhemikhali.
- Imboni Yezinto Eziphathekayo: Isetshenziselwa izendlalelo zokuvikela izintambo nezintambo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu nezingcolisa amakhemikhali.
Irabha ye-Perfluoroether (FFKM)
I-FFKM isetshenziswa emikhakheni edinga ukumelana okuvelele kwamakhemikhali nokushisa okuphezulu:
- Izindiza: I-FFKM isetshenziselwa izivalo ezindizeni nasemkhathini ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu kanye nezindawo zamakhemikhali.
- Imboni Yama-semiconductor: Isetshenziselwa izivalo emishinini yokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwegesi yamakhemikhali.
- Imboni Ye-Petrochemical: I-FFKM isetshenziselwa izivalo emishinini eshisa kakhulu necindezela kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhluza uwoyela kanye nezitshalo zamakhemikhali.
Intengo Nezindleko
Izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kakhulu ze-FFKM ziholela entengo yemakethe ephezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FKM. Ubunzima bezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-FFKM kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza kukhulisa izindleko zayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-FFKM ezindaweni ezibucayi, intengo yayo ephezulu iyafaneleka kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ifomu Nokucubungula
Irabha yeFluorine (FKM)
I-FKM ivame ukunikezwa njengerabha eqinile, irabha ehlanganisiwe, noma izingxenye ezenziwe ngaphambilini. Izindlela zayo zokucubungula zifaka phakathi ukubumba kokucindezela, ukukhipha, kanye nokubumba ngomjovo. I-FKM idinga imishini ekhethekile kanye nemingcele yenqubo ngenxa yokushisa kwayo okuphezulu kokucubungula.
Irabha ye-Perfluoroether (FFKM)
I-FFKM ihlinzekwa futhi ngesimo senjoloba eqinile, injoloba ehlanganisiwe, noma izingxenye ezenziwe ngaphambilini. Ukumelana kwayo nokushisa okuphezulu kudinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu okucubungula kanye nezidingo zemishini nezinqubo eziqinile.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusebenza
Ukumelana namakhemikhali
Ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kwe-FFKM kungcono kakhulu kune-FKM. I-FFKM imelana cishe nazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezaziwayo, okuhlanganisa ama-acid aqinile, izisekelo, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, kanye nama-oxidant. Nakuba i-FKM iphinde inikeze ukumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ayisebenzi kahle kwamanye ama-oxidant aqinile kanye nezinyibilikisi ze-polar uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FFKM.
Ukumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu
Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-FFKM kuphakeme kune-FKM. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliqhubekayo le-FKM ngokuvamile lingu-200-250°C, kanti i-FFKM ingafinyelela ku-260-300°C. Lokhu kuzinza kokushisa okuphezulu kwenza i-FFKM isetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni ezibucayi.
Ukusebenza Kwemishini
Zombili i-FKM kanye ne-FFKM zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, okuhlanganisa ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana nokudabuka. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zemishini ze-FFKM zizinzile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza ithembeke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Amathemba Emakethe
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, isidingo sezinto zerabha ezisebenza kahle siyakhula. I-FKM kanye ne-FFKM zinamathemba amaningi okusetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu:
- Imboni Yezimoto: Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kwandisa isidingo sezimpawu ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu nezimelana nokugqwala ngamakhemikhali, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-FKM kanye ne-FFKM.
- Imboni Yamakhemikhali: Ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kwandisa isidingo sezimbozo ezingamelana namakhemikhali, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-FKM kanye ne-FFKM.
- Imboni Yezinto Eziphathekayo: Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincane kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi kagesi kwandisa isidingo sezinto zokuvikela ezimelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-FKM kanye ne-FFKM.
Isiphetho
Irabha ye-fluorine (FKM) kanye nerabha ye-perfluoroether (FFKM), njengabameleli bamarabha asebenza kahle kakhulu, anamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Nakuba i-FFKM ibiza kakhulu, ukusebenza kwayo okuvelele ezindaweni ezibucayi kuyinika inzuzo engenakuphikwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, isidingo sezinto zerabha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu sizoqhubeka nokukhula, futhi amathuba emakethe e-FKM kanye ne-FFKM abanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-24-2025