Isingeniso
Emkhakheni wemboni yesimanje, izinto zenjoloba seziyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile njengokunwebeka, ukumelana nokugqoka, nokumelana namakhemikhali. Phakathi kwalokhu, irabha ye-fluorine (FKM) kanye nerabha ye-perfluoroether (FFKM) zigqama njengamarabha asebenza kahle kakhulu, aziwa ngamakhemikhali awo aphezulu kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Lokhu kuhlaziya okuphelele kuhlolisisa umehluko, izicelo, izindleko, amafomu, kanye nezakhiwo ze-FKM ne-FFKM, okuhloswe ngazo ukunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kubabambiqhaza ezimbonini ezihlobene.
Umehluko Oyisisekelo Phakathi Kwerabha Ye-Fluorine (FKM) ne-Perfluoroether Rubber (FFKM)
Isakhiwo Samakhemikhali
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-FKM ne-FFKM usezimweni zayo zamakhemikhali. I-FKM iyi-polymer ene-fluorinated ingxenye enamabhondi e-carbon-carbon (CC) ochungechungeni lwayo oluyinhloko, kuyilapho i-FFKM iyi-polymer e-fluorinated ngokugcwele enesakhiwo se-carbon-oxygen-carbon (COC), exhunywe ama-athomu omoya-mpilo (O). Lokhu kuhluka kwesakhiwo赋予FFKM amakhemikhali aphezulu kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FKM.
Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali
Iketango eliyinhloko le-FFKM, elingenawo amabhondi e-carbon-carbon, linikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe kwemidiya yamakhemikhali. Njengoba kubonisiwe emfanekisweni ohambisana nalesi sihloko, amandla ebhondi amabhondi e-carbon-hydrogen aphansi kakhulu (cishe ama-335 kJ/mol), angenza i-FKM ingasebenzi kahle kuma-oxidants aqinile nezincibilikisi ze-polar uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FFKM. I-FFKM imelana cishe nayo yonke imidiya yamakhemikhali eyaziwayo, okuhlanganisa ama-asidi aqinile, izisekelo, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, nama-oxidants.
Ukumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu
I-FFKM iphinde iphumelele ekumelaneni nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Nakuba izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo lokusebenza kwe-FKM ngokuvamile lisukela ku-200-250°C, i-FFKM ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afika ku-260-300°C. Lokhu kuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwenza i-FFKM ifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisendaweni eyingozi kakhulu.
Izinkambu Zokusebenza
Irabha yeFluorine (FKM)
I-FKM isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngenxa yokumelana kwayo namakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa okuphezulu okusesilinganisweni:
- Imboni Yezimoto: I-FKM iqashwe ekwenzeni izimvu zamanzi, izigxivizo zikawoyela, ama-O-rings, nokunye, ikakhulukazi ezinjinini nasezinhlelweni zokudlulisa.
- Imboni Yamakhemikhali: I-FKM isetshenziselwa izigxivizo zamapayipi, amavalvu, amaphampu, nezinye izinto zokusebenza ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwemidiya yamakhemikhali.
- Imboni Yezogesi: Isetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwezingqimba ezintanjeni nasezintanjeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu nezinokonakala ngamakhemikhali.
Irabha ye-Perfluoroether (FFKM)
I-FFKM iqashwe emikhakheni efuna ukumelana namakhemikhali okuvelele kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu:
- I-Aerospace: I-FFKM isetshenziselwa izimpawu zezindiza ezindizeni nasemkhathini ukuze zibekezelele amazinga okushisa aphakeme kanye nezindawo zamakhemikhali.
- Imboni ye-Semiconductor: Isetshenziselwa izigxivizo emishinini yokukhiqiza ye-semiconductor ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwegesi yamakhemikhali.
- Imboni ye-Petrochemical: I-FFKM isetshenziselwa izigxivizo kumishini yokushisa ephezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu ezindaweni zokuhluza uwoyela nasezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
Intengo Nezindleko
Izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kakhulu ze-FFKM ziphumela enanini lemakethe eliphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FKM. Ubunkimbinkimbi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-FFKM kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza kukhulisa izindleko zayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa ukusebenza okuhle kwe-FFKM ezindaweni ezeqisayo, intengo yayo ephezulu iyathetheleleka kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ifomu Nokucubungula
Irabha yeFluorine (FKM)
I-FKM ivamise ukunikezwa njengerabha eqinile, irabha eyinhlanganisela, noma izingxenye ezakhiwe kusengaphambili. Izindlela zayo zokucubungula zifaka ukubunjwa kokucindezela, i-extrusion, kanye nokubumba komjovo. I-FKM idinga amathuluzi akhethekile kanye namapharamitha okucubungula ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokucubungula.
Irabha ye-Perfluoroether (FFKM)
I-FFKM iphinde ihlinzekwe ngendlela yerabha eqinile, irabha eyinhlanganisela, noma izingxenye ezakhiwe kusengaphambili. Ukumelana kwayo nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kudinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokucubungula kanye nemishini eqinile nezidingo zenqubo.
Ukuqhathanisa Ukusebenza
Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali
Ukumelana namakhemikhali kwe-FFKM kungcono kakhulu kune-FKM. I-FFKM imelana cishe nayo yonke imidiya yamakhemikhali eyaziwayo, okuhlanganisa ama-asidi aqinile, izisekelo, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, nama-oxidants. Nakuba i-FKM iphinde inikeze ukumelana kwamakhemikhali okuhle, ayisebenzi kahle kwamanye ama-oxidants aqinile nezincibilikisi ze-polar uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FFKM.
Ukumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu
Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwe-FFKM kungaphezu kwe-FKM. Izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo le-FKM livame ukuba ngu-200-250°C, kuyilapho i-FFKM ingafinyelela ku-260-300°C. Lokhu kuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwenza i-FFKM isebenze kabanzi ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu.
Ukusebenza Komshini
Kokubili i-FKM ne-FFKM zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, kufaka phakathi ukunwebeka okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, nokumelana nezinyembezi. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zemishini ze-FFKM zizinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza ithembeke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Amathemba Emakethe
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, isidingo sezinto zenjoloba ezisebenza kahle siyanda. I-FKM ne-FFKM zinamathuba abanzi okusebenza emikhakheni eyahlukene ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu:
- Imboni Yezimoto: Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla kwandisa isidingo sezivalo eziqinile ezikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezimelana nokugqwala ngamakhemikhali, kuqhubeke kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwe-FKM ne-FFKM.
- Imboni Yamakhemikhali: Ukuhlukahluka kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kukhulisa isidingo sezigxivizo ezingazweli ngamakhemikhali, kuqhubeke kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwe-FKM ne-FFKM.
- Imboni Yezogesi: I-miniaturization kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwezinto zikagesi kwandisa isidingo sezinto zokuvikela ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, kuqhubeke kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwe-FKM ne-FFKM.
Isiphetho
Irabha ye-fluorine (FKM) kanye nerabha ye-perfluoroether (FFKM), njengabamele amarubha asebenza kahle kakhulu, banamathuba abanzi okusebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngenxa yokumelana kwabo okuhle kakhulu namakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Nakuba i-FFKM ibiza kakhulu, ukusebenza kwayo okuvelele ezindaweni ezidlulele kuyinikeza inzuzo engenakubuyiseleka kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, isidingo sezinto zenjoloba ezisebenza kahle sizoqhubeka sikhula, namathemba emakethe e-FKM ne-FFKM abanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-24-2025