I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), eyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo kwamakhemikhali okumangalisayo, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu/okuphansi, kanye ne-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana, ithole igama lesidlaliso elithi “Plastic King” futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zamakhemikhali, zemishini, neze-elekthronikhi. Kodwa-ke, i-PTFE emsulwa inezinkinga ezingokwemvelo ezifana namandla aphansi emishini, ukuthambekela ekuguqukeni kokugeleza okubandayo, kanye nokuqhuba kahle kokushisa. Ukuze kunqotshwe le mikhawulo, kuye kwathuthukiswa izinhlanganisela ze-PTFE eziqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi. Lokhu kwaziswa kuthuthukisa kakhulu izilinganiso zokusebenza eziningi ngenkathi kugcinwa izakhiwo eziphakeme ze-PTFE, ngenxa yomphumela wokuqinisa wefayibha yengilazi.
1. Ukuthuthukiswa Okuphawulekayo Kwezakhiwo Zemishini
Isakhiwo se-molecular chain esilinganayo kakhulu kanye ne-crystallinity ephezulu ye-PTFE emsulwa kuholela emandleni abuthakathaka aphakathi kwama-molecule, okuholela emandleni aphansi okusebenza kanye nobunzima. Lokhu kuyenza ithambekele ekuguqukeni ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle abalulekile, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo emasimini adinga amandla aphezulu. Ukufakwa kwemicu yengilazi kuletha ukuthuthuka okukhulu ezimpahleni zokusebenza ze-PTFE. Imicu yengilazi ibonakala ngamandla ayo aphezulu kanye ne-modulus ephezulu. Uma ihlakazeka ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwe-PTFE matrix, ithwala ngempumelelo imithwalo yangaphandle, ithuthukisa ukusebenza komshini okuphelele kwe-composite. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngokwengeza inani elifanele le-fiber yengilazi, amandla okudonsa e-PTFE angandiswa ngokuphindwe ka-1 kuya ku-2, futhi amandla okuguquguquka aba mahle nakakhulu, athuthuka cishe izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokuqala. Ubulukhuni buphinde bukhule kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela i-PTFE eqiniswe yi-fiber yengilazi ukuthi isebenze ngokuthembekile ezindaweni zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imishini kanye nezindiza, njengezivalo zemishini kanye nezingxenye zokuthwala, kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukwehluleka okubangelwa amandla anele ezinto.
2. Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe Kokushisa
Nakuba i-PTFE emsulwa isebenza kahle ekumelaneni nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi, ekwazi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside phakathi kuka-196°C no-260°C, ukuzinza kwayo kobukhulu kuphansi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, lapho ithambekele ekuguqukeni kokushisa. Ukwengezwa kwemicu yengilazi kuxazulula le nkinga ngempumelelo ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa lokuguquka kokushisa kwezinto (i-HDT) kanye nokuzinza kobukhulu. Imicu yengilazi ngokwayo inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuqina. Ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu, ivimbela ukunyakaza kwamaketanga e-PTFE ama-molecule, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukwanda kokushisa kanye nokuguquka kwezinto. Ngokuqukethwe kwefayibha yengilazi okuhle kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lokuguquka kokushisa kwe-PTFE eqiniswe yifayibha yengilazi lingakhushulwa ngaphezu kuka-50°C. Igcina ukuma okuzinzile kanye nokunemba kobukhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zokushisa okuphezulu, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ngezidingo eziphezulu zokuqina kokushisa, njengamapayipi okushisa aphezulu kanye nama-gasket okuvala okushisa okuphezulu.
3. Ukuthambekela Kokugeleza Kokubanda Okuncishisiwe
Ukugeleza okubandayo (noma ukukhukhuleka) kuyinkinga ephawulekayo nge-PTFE emsulwa. Kubhekisela ekuguqukeni kwepulasitiki okuhamba kancane okwenzeka ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Lesi sici sikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwe-PTFE emsulwa ekusetshenzisweni okudinga ukuma kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuqina kobukhulu. Ukufakwa kwemicu yengilazi kuvimbela ngempumelelo isenzakalo sokugeleza okubandayo kwe-PTFE. Imicu isebenza njengohlaka olusekelayo ngaphakathi kwe-PTFE matrix, ivimbela ukushelela nokuhlela kabusha kwamaketanga ama-molecule e-PTFE. Idatha yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokugeleza okubandayo kwe-PTFE eqiniswe yi-fiber yengilazi lincishisiwe ngo-70% kuya ku-80% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PTFE emsulwa, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza kobukhulu bezinto ezingaphansi komthwalo wesikhathi eside. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zemishini ezinembe kakhulu kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo.
4. Ukumelana Nokugqokwa Okuthuthukisiwe
I-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana kwe-PTFE emsulwa ingenye yezinzuzo zayo, kodwa futhi inegalelo ekumelaneni kwayo nokuguguleka okubi, okwenza kube lula ukuguguleka nokudluliselwa ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokungqubuzana. I-PTFE eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi ithuthukisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwezinto ngokusebenzisa umphumela wokuqinisa wefayibha. Ubulukhuni befayibha yengilazi buphakeme kakhulu kunobe-PTFE, okwenza ikwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo nokuguguleka ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana. Iphinde ishintshe indlela yokungqubuzana kanye nokugqoka kwezinto, inciphise ukuguguleka okunamathelayo kanye nokuguguleka okukhulu kwe-PTFE. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imicu yengilazi ingakha ukuvela okuncane ebusweni bokungqubuzana, inikeze umphumela othile wokulwa nokungqubuzana futhi inciphise ukuguquguquka kwe-coefficient yokungqubuzana. Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, uma isetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha izingxenye zokungqubuzana njengama-sliding bearings nama-piston rings, impilo yenkonzo ye-PTFE eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi inwetshwa kakhulu, mhlawumbe izikhathi eziningana noma ngisho nezikhathi eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PTFE emsulwa. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezingxenye ze-PTFE ezigcwele i-fiber yengilazi kungathuthukiswa cishe izikhathi ezingu-500 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ze-PTFE ezingagcwalisiwe, futhi inani le-PV elikhawulelwe likhuphuka cishe izikhathi ezingu-10.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokushisa Okuthuthukisiwe
I-PTFE emsulwa ine-conductivity ephansi yokushisa, engavumeli ukudluliselwa kokushisa futhi ibeka imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni okunezidingo eziphezulu zokushabalalisa ukushisa. I-fiber yengilazi ine-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa, futhi ukungezwa kwayo ku-PTFE kungathuthukisa, ngezinga elithile, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kwezinto. Nakuba ukungezwa kwe-fiber yengilazi kungakhulisi kakhulu i-coefficient yokushisa ye-PTFE, kungakha izindlela zokuqhuba ukushisa ngaphakathi kwezinto, kusheshise isivinini sokudluliselwa kokushisa. Lokhu kunikeza i-PTFE yengilazi eqinisiwe amandla okusebenzisa kangcono emasimini kagesi kanye nogesi, njengakuma-thermal pads kanye namabhodi esifunda, okusiza ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuqongelela ukushisa ezihlobene nokuhanjiswa kokushisa okubi kwe-PTFE emsulwa. Ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe kusiza nasekuqedeni ukushisa okungqubuzanayo ezicelweni ezifana nama-bearings, okufaka isandla ekusebenzeni okungcono.
Ububanzi Bokusetshenziswa: Lokhu okuhlanganisiwe kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezivalweni zezimboni, amabheringi/ama-bushings anomthwalo omningi, imishini ye-semiconductor, kanye nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zesakhiwo ezingagugi embonini yamakhemikhali. Ensimini ye-elekthronikhi, isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-gasket okuvikela izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ukuvikela amabhodi wesekethe, kanye nezivikelo ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela. Ukusebenza kwayo kunwetshwa kakhulu emkhakheni wezindiza ukuze kufakwe izendlalelo zokuvikela eziguquguqukayo.
Qaphela Imikhawulo: Nakuba i-fiber yengilazi ithuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-fiber yengilazi kukhuphuka, amandla okudonsa, ukunwebeka, kanye nokuqina kwenhlanganisela kungancipha, futhi i-coefficient yokungqubuzana inganda kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fiber yengilazi kanye ne-PTFE composites azifanele ukusetshenziswa kuma-alkaline media. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka, okuhlanganisa iphesenti le-fiber yengilazi (ngokuvamile i-15-25%) kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungenzeka nezinye izigcwalisi ezifana ne-graphite noma i-MoS2, kwenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-05-2025