Njengamehlo ezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokusiza abashayeli (i-ADAS) kanye namapulatifomu okushayela azimele, amamojula ekhamera yezimoto abalulekile ekuphepheni kwezimoto. Ubuqotho balezi zinhlelo zokubona buncike kakhulu emandleni azo okubekezelela izimo zemvelo ezinzima. Amasongo okuvala, njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zokuvikela, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokunikeza ukumelana nothuli, umswakama, ukudlidliza, kanye nokushisa okukhulu. Ukukhetha uphawu olufanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza imininingwane ebalulekile—izinto ezibonakalayo, usayizi, kanye nezindinganiso zokusebenza—ukwazisa inqubo yokukhetha izixazululo zokuvala ikhamera yezimoto.
1. Imininingwane Yezinto Ezibalulekile: Isisekelo Sokusebenza Kokuvala
Ukukhetha i-elastomer kunquma ngqo ukumelana kwesivalo ekushiseni, kumakhemikhali nasekugugeni. Izinto ezivame kakhulu zezivalo zekhamera yezimoto zifaka:
- I-Nitrile Rubber (NBR): Yaziwa ngokumelana okuhle kakhulu namafutha kanye namafutha asekelwe kuphethiloli, kanye nokumelana okuhle kokuhuzuka. I-NBR iyisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwezingxenye zenjini noma ezindaweni ezivezwe enkungwini kaphethiloli. Ubulukhuni obujwayelekile busukela ku-60 kuya ku-90 Shore A.
- Irabha yeSilicone (VMQ): Inikeza izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elimangalisayo (cishe -60°C kuya ku-+225°C) ngenkathi igcina ukuguquguquka. Ukumelana kwayo ne-ozone kanye nesimo sezulu kwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo yezivalo zekhamera zangaphandle ezivezwe elangeni eliqondile kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okubanzi.
- I-Fluoroelastomer (FKM): Inikeza ukumelana okuphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (kufika ku-+200°C nangaphezulu), uphethiloli, uwoyela, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwamakhemikhali anamandla. I-FKM ivame ukucaciswa ngezivalo eziseduze kwezingxenye ze-powertrain noma ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali okungenzeka kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi (EV). Ubulukhuni obuvamile buphakathi kuka-70 no-85 Shore A.
Icebiso Lokukhetha: Indawo yokusebenza iyona eyinhloko ebangela ukukhethwa kwezinto. Cabanga ngezidingo zokushisa okuqhubekayo kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni eziwuketshezi, izinto zokuhlanza, noma usawoti womgwaqo.
2. Amapharamitha Obukhulu: Ukuqinisekisa Ukulingana Okuqondile
Isivalo sisebenza kuphela uma sifanelana kahle nekhamera. Amapharamitha abalulekile kufanele ahambisane kahle nomklamo wemodyuli:
- Ububanzi Bangaphakathi (ID): Kumelwe kuhambisane kahle nomgqomo welensi noma ububanzi bomsele wokufaka. Ukubekezelelana kuvame ukuba kuncane, ngokuvamile kungaphakathi kuka-±0.10 mm, ukuvimbela izikhala ezingalimaza uphawu.
- Isigaba Esiphambene (CS): Lobu bubanzi bentambo yesivalo buthinta ngqo amandla okucindezela. Izigaba ezivamile eziphambene ziqala ku-1.0 mm kuya ku-3.0 mm kumakhamera amancane. I-CS efanele iqinisekisa ukucindezela okwanele ngaphandle kokubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ukucindezela: I-seal kumele iklanywe ukuze icindezelwe ngamaphesenti athile (ngokuvamile angu-15-30%) ngaphakathi kwe-gland yayo. Lokhu kucindezela kudala ingcindezi yokuxhumana edingekayo ukuze kube nesithiyo esisebenzayo. Ukucindezela okungaphansi kuholela ekuvuzeni, kuyilapho ukucindezela ngokweqile kungabangela ukuphuma, ukungqubuzana okukhulu, kanye nokuguga okusheshayo.
Kumajiyometri ezindlu angewona ajwayelekile, kutholakala izivalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezinemiklamo ethile yezindebe (isb., indebe ye-U, ukuma kwe-D, noma amaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi). Ukunikeza abahlinzeki imidwebo enembile ye-2D noma amamodeli e-3D CAD kubalulekile kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
3. Ukusebenza Nokuhambisana Nemithetho: Ukuhlangabezana Nezindinganiso Zemboni Yezimoto
Izimbozo zezimoto kumele zibhekane nokuhlolwa okunzima kokuqinisekiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwemoto. Izilinganiso zokusebenza ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Ukumelana Nokushisa: Izivalo kumele zikwazi ukumelana nokujikeleza kokushisa isikhathi eside (isb., -40°C kuya ku-+85°C noma ngaphezulu kwezicelo ezingaphansi kwe-hood) izinkulungwane zemijikelezo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ukuqina, noma ukuguquka okungapheli.
- Ukuvikelwa Kokungena (Isilinganiso se-IP): Izivalo zibalulekile ekufinyeleleni izilinganiso ze-IP6K7 (ezingenalo uthuli) kanye ne-IP6K9K (ukuhlanza ngomfutho ophezulu/ngomusi). Ekucwilisweni, i-IP67 (imitha eli-1 imizuzu engama-30) kanye ne-IP68 (ukucwiliswa okujulile/okude) kuyizinhloso ezivamile, eziqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa okuqinile.
- Isethi Yokuqina Nokucindezela: Ngemva kokucindezelwa nokucindezeleka kwesikhathi eside (okulingiswa ukuhlolwa okufana namahora ayi-1,000 ekushiseni okuphezulu), uphawu kufanele lubonise isethi yokucindezela ephansi. Izinga lokululama elingu->80% ngemva kokuhlolwa libonisa ukuthi into izogcina amandla ayo okuvala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukumelana Nemvelo: Ukumelana ne-ozone (ASTM D1149), imisebe ye-UV, kanye nomswakama kuyinto ejwayelekile. Ukuhambisana noketshezi lwezimoto (uketshezi lwamabhuleki, i-coolant, njll.) nakho kuyaqinisekiswa.
- Izimfanelo Zezimoto: Abakhiqizi abasebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi lwe-IATF 16949 babonisa ukuzibophezela ezinqubweni eziqinile ezidingekayo kuchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto.
Isiphetho: Indlela Ehlelekile Yokukhetha
Ukukhetha indandatho yokuvala efanele kuyisinqumo esinobuqhinga esilinganisa izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, izinselele zemvelo, kanye nezindleko. Ngaphambi kokuphothula ukukhetha, chaza ngokucacile ububanzi bokushisa bokusebenza, ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali, imikhawulo yendawo, kanye nezitifiketi ezidingekayo embonini.
Nakuba iyingxenyana encane, indandatho yokuvala iyisici esibalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokubona izimoto zanamuhla. Indlela ehlelekile yokuthola imininingwane iqinisekisa ukuthi lawa “mehlo” emoto ahlala ecacile futhi ethembekile, ibanga ngalinye. Ukubambisana nomhlinzeki ofanelekayo ohlinzeka ngedatha yobuchwepheshe eqinile kanye nokusekelwa kokuqinisekisa kuyisihluthulelo somphumela ophumelelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-25-2025