Ngongo Rapa Kai me te Ahumahi Ritenga
Taipitopito
1. E toru ngā wāhanga o te hanganga o te ngongo:
1.1 Ngongo rapa me te hanganga paparanga whakapakari
1.1.1 Ngongo rapa whakakahangia e te papanga
1.1.2 Ngongo rapa hanganga whakakaha whakarewa
1.1.3 E ai ki te hanganga o te paparanga whakapakari
1.1.3.1 Ngongo rapa whakakikoruatia: he ngongo rapa i hangaia ki te papanga pania (te kakahu rapa rānei) hei rauemi paparanga angaanga, ka taea te whakamau ki te waea maitai i waho.
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ko te nuinga o te ngongo pēhanga kakahu topenga he mea hanga ki te kakahu whatu noa (he rite tonu te matotoru me te kaha o te whenu me te whatu), tapahia mā te 45°, honohonohia, ā, takaihia. He painga tōna o te tukanga hanga ngāwari, he kaha te urutau ki ngā whakaritenga hua me te whānuitanga paparanga, ā, he pakari pai te tinana o te paipa. Engari kāore e whai hua.
1.1.3.2 Ngongo rapa whiri: ko te ngongo rapa i hangaia ki ngā waea rerekē (muka, waea whakarewa rānei) hei paparanga angaanga ka kiia he ngongo rapa whiri.
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ko ngā paparanga whiri o te ngongo whiri ka whatua kia rite ki te koki taurite (54°44'), nō reira ko te ngongo o tēnei hanganga
He pai te mahi a te peera, he pai te mahi piko, ā, he nui te ōwehenga whakamahinga rauemi ki te whakaritea ki te ngongo rapa whakakikoruatia.
1.1.3.3 Ngongo rapa takai: Ko te ngongo rapa i hangaia ki ngā waea rerekē (muka, waea whakarewa rānei) hei paparanga angaanga ka kiia ko te ngongo rapa takai. Ngā Āhuatanga: he rite ki te ngongo whiri, he kaha pēhanga teitei, he ātete pānga me te mahi piko pai. He pai te whakaputa.
1.1.3.4 Ngongo whatu: ko te ngongo i hangaia ki te miro miro, ki ētahi atu muka rānei hei paparanga angaanga ka kiia he ngongo whatu.
Ngā Āhuatanga: ka whatua te miro whatu ki runga i te taura o roto i tētahi koki ki te kakau. He iti noa te hononga, ā, he paparanga kotahi te nuinga.
Ngongo rapa e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha motuka maha
| Ngā pūnaha motuka | Rauemi | Awhakarāpopototanga | whakataurite |
| paipa wai whakamatao | Monomer Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Hiraka | EPDM VMQ(SIL) | E: Te pāmahana i‐40--150℃, kāore e taea te hangarua V: pāmahana‐60‐200℃, kāore e taea te hangarua |
| Ngongo wahie | Rapa nitrile-N + chloroprene
Kāpia pūwhero + kōrohaidrin + kōrohaidrin
Kapia pūoro + kōrohaidrin + kōrohaidrin
Kāpia pūoro + kapia pūoro + chlorol | NBR+CR FKM+ECO THV+ECO FKM+THV+ECO | NBR+CR: tukunga uruhanga i raro i te Euro ⅱ FKM+ECO: Te rerenga wai i raro i te EURO ⅲ THV+ECO: Te rerenga wai i raro i te Euro ⅳ FKM+THV+ECO: Te rerenga urutomo i runga ake i te Euro ⅳ |
| Ngongo whakakī hinu | Rapa Nitrile-N + PVC
Rapa Nitrile-N + polyethylene chlorosulfonated + rapa chloroprene
Kāpia pūoro + chlorohydrin
Kāpia pūoro + kapia pūoro + chlorol | NBR+PVC NBR+CSM+ECO FKM+ECO FKM+THV+ECO
| NBR+PVC: eu ⅱ, i raro iho rānei i te tukunga osmotic, ātete wera NBR+CSM+ECO: te tukunga urunga i raro i te EURO ⅲ, he ātete wera pai FKM+ECO: Te tukunga uruhanga i raro i te Euro ⅳ, he ātete wera pai FKM+THV+ECO: Neke atu i te Euro ⅳ te rerenga urutomo, he ātete wera pai |
| Ngongo whakamatao hinu tuku | Rapa kiriaku
Polyethylene kua whakakōrohia ki te chlorosulfonated
Epdm + neoprene | ACM CSM EPDM+CR | ACM: Paerewa Hapanihi me Kōrea, whakamatao tika hinu CSM: Paerewa Pākehā me Amerika, hinu tika te whakamatao EPDM+CR: Whakamatao wai ā-kore Tiamana |
| Ngongo pēki | Monomer Ethylene-Propylene-Diene neoprene | EPDM CR | EPDM: ātete wai parai, ātete hinu, pāmahana iti pai CR: Ātete wai parai, ātete hinu, pāmahana iti |
| Ngongo hauhautanga | Monomer Ethylene-Propylene-Diene rapa butyl kua whakakōkōhia ki te chlorine | EPDM CIIR | He iti te uruhanga, he kaha te here me te paparanga nairona |
| Ka honoa te tātari hau ki te ngongo rapa | Monomer Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rapa Nitrile-N+ PVC rapa epiklorohidrin | EPDM NBR+PVC ECO | EPDM: pāmahana‐40~150℃, ātete hinu NBR+PVC: pāmahana‐35~135℃, ātete hinu ECO: te ātete pāmahana i roto i‐40~175℃, ātete pai ki te hinu |
| Ngongo turbocharged | Rapa silicone
Rapa vinyl acrylate
Rapa kōwhai + rapa silicone | VMQ AEM FKM+VMQ | VMQ: te ātete pāmahana i roto i‐60~200℃, he iti te ātete ki te hinu AEM: te ātete pāmahana i roto i‐30~175℃, ātete hinu FKM+VMQ: te ātete pāmahana i roto i‐40~200℃, he tino pai te ātete ki te hinu |
| Waikeri tuanui | Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Rapa Monomer Ethylene-Propylene-Diene
Monomer Polypropylene +Ethylene-Propylene-Diene | PVC EPDM PP+EPDM | PVC: ka taea te hangarua, he mārō i te pāmahana iti EPDM: kāore e taea te hangarua, he ātete pai ki te pāmahana iti PP+EPDM: ka taea te hangarua, he pai te ātete ki te pāmahana iti, he utu nui |
