Chakudya Chopangidwa Mwamakonda & Paipi ya Mphira ya Mafakitale
Tsatanetsatane
1. Kapangidwe ka payipi nthawi zambiri kamagawidwa m'magulu atatu motere:
1.1 Paipi ya mphira yokhala ndi kapangidwe kolimba
1.1.1 Paipi ya rabara yolimbikitsidwa ndi nsalu
1.1.2 Paipi ya rabara yolimbikitsidwa ndi chitsulo
1.1.3 Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka gawo lolimbitsa
1.1.3.1 Paipi ya rabara yopaka utoto: Paipi ya rabara yopangidwa ndi nsalu yokutidwa (kapena nsalu ya rabala) ngati chigoba cha mafupa, ikhoza kukhazikika ndi waya wachitsulo kunja.
Zinthu Zake: Paipi yopopera ya nsalu yodulidwa imapangidwa makamaka ndi nsalu yoluka (kukhuthala kwake ndi kulimba kwake ndi zofanana), yodulidwa ndi 45°, yolumikizidwa, ndi kukulungidwa. Ili ndi ubwino wa njira yosavuta yopangira, yosinthasintha kwambiri malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa komanso kuchuluka kwa zigawo, komanso kuuma bwino kwa chitoliro. Koma sikugwira ntchito bwino.
1.1.3.2 Paipi ya rabara yolukidwa: payipi ya rabara yopangidwa ndi mawaya osiyanasiyana (ulusi kapena waya wachitsulo) monga gawo la mafupa limatchedwa payipi ya rabara yolukidwa.
Zinthu Zake: Zigawo zolukidwa za payipi yolukidwa nthawi zambiri zimalukidwa molingana ndi ngodya yolinganizidwa (54°44 '), kotero payipi ya kapangidwe kameneka
Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino, magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso chiŵerengero cha magwiritsidwe ntchito apamwamba a zinthu poyerekeza ndi payipi ya rabara yolumikizidwa.
1.1.3.3 Paipi ya rabara yozungulira: Paipi ya rabara yopangidwa ndi mawaya osiyanasiyana (ulusi kapena waya wachitsulo) monga gawo la mafupa imatchedwa payipi ya rabara yozungulira. Zinthu zake: zofanana ndi payipi yolukidwa, mphamvu ya kuthamanga kwambiri, kukana kugwedezeka komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino. Kuchita bwino kwambiri popanga.
1.1.3.4 Paipi yolukira: paipi yopangidwa ndi ulusi wa thonje kapena ulusi wina monga chigoba cha mafupa imatchedwa paipi yolukira.
Zinthu Zake: Ulusi wolukira umalukidwa pa chubu chamkati chamkati pa ngodya inayake ndi shaft. Malo olumikizirana ndi ochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kapangidwe ka gawo limodzi
Mapaipi a rabara omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto osiyanasiyana
| Makina a magalimoto | Zinthu Zofunika | Akufupikitsa | kuyerekeza |
| chitoliro cha madzi ozizira | Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Silikoni | EPDM VMQ(SIL) | E: Kutentha pa‐40‐‐150℃, sichingabwezeretsedwenso V: kutentha‐60‐200℃, sichingabwezeretsedwenso |
| Paipi yamafuta | Rabala ya Nitrile-N + chloroprene
Guluu wa fluoro + chlorohydrin + chlorohydrin
Utomoni wa fluoro + chlorohydrin + chlorohydrin
Guluu wa fluoro + utomoni wa fluoro + kloroli | NBR+CR FKM+ECO THV+ECO FKM+THV+ECO | NBR+CR: mpweya wotuluka pansi pa Euro ⅱ FKM+ECO: Kutuluka kwa madzi pansi pa EURO ⅲ THV+ECO: Kutuluka kwa madzi pansi pa Euro ⅳ FKM+THV+ECO: Kutuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo kuposa Euro ⅳ |
| Paipi yodzaza mafuta | Rabala ya Nitrile-N + PVC
Rabala ya Nitrile-N + polyethylene ya chlorosulfonated + rabala ya chloroprene
Guluu wa fluoro + chlorohydrin
Guluu wa fluoro + utomoni wa fluoro + kloroli | NBR+PVC NBR+CSM+ECO FKM+ECO FKM+THV+ECO
| NBR+PVC: eu ⅱ kapena pansi pa osmotic discharge, kukana kutentha NBR+CSM+ECO: kutulutsa madzi pansi pa EURO ⅲ, kukana kutentha bwino FKM+ECO: Kutuluka kwa madzi pansi pa Euro ⅳ, kukana kutentha bwino FKM+THV+ECO: Kutulutsa kwamadzi ochulukirapo kuposa Euro ⅳ, kukana kutentha bwino |
| Paipi yozizira yamafuta opatsira | Rabala ya acrylic
Polyethylene ya Chlorosulfonated
Epdm + neoprene | ACM CSM EPDM+CR | ACM: Muyezo wa ku Japan ndi ku Korea, kuzizira kwa mafuta mwachindunji CSM: Muyezo wa ku Europe ndi ku America, mafuta ozizira mwachindunji EPDM+CR: Kuziziritsa madzi kosalunjika ku Germany |
| Paipi yogulira | Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer neoprene | EPDM CR | EPDM: kukana madzi a mabuleki, kukana mafuta, kutentha kochepa CR: Kukana madzi a mabuleki, kukana mafuta, kutentha kochepa |
| Paipi yoziziritsira mpweya | Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer rabala ya butyl yothira chlorine | EPDM CIIR | Kulowa pang'ono, mphamvu yayikulu yolumikizana ndi nayiloni wosanjikiza |
| Fyuluta ya mpweya imalumikizidwa ndi payipi ya rabara | Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rabala ya Nitrile-N+ PVC rabala ya epichlorohydrin | EPDM NBR+PVC ECO | EPDM: kutentha‐40~150℃, yosagwira mafuta NBR+PVC: kutentha‐35~135℃, kukana mafuta ECO: kukana kutentha mu‐40~175℃, kukana mafuta bwino |
| Paipi yodzaza ndi turbocharged | Rabala ya silikoni
Rabala ya vinilu ya acrylate
Rabala ya Fluoro + silikoni | VMQ AEM FKM+VMQ | VMQ: kukana kutentha mu‐60~200℃, kukana mafuta pang'ono AEM: kukana kutentha mu‐30~175℃, kukana mafuta FKM+VMQ: kukana kutentha mu‐40~200℃, kukana mafuta bwino kwambiri |
| Dothi la padenga | Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Rabala ya Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer
Polypropylene + Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer | PVC EPDM PP+EPDM | PVC: yobwezerezedwanso, yolimba pa kutentha kochepa EPDM: yosagwiritsidwanso ntchito, yolimba bwino kutentha pang'ono PP + EPDM: yobwezerezedwanso, yolimba bwino kutentha kochepa, yokwera mtengo |
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