A matsayin "idanu" na tsarin taimakon direba na zamani (ADAS) da dandamalin tuƙi masu cin gashin kansu, na'urorin kyamarar mota suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga amincin abin hawa. Ingancin waɗannan tsarin hangen nesa ya dogara sosai kan ikonsu na jure wa mawuyacin yanayi na muhalli. Zoben rufewa, a matsayin muhimman abubuwan kariya, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da aiki ta hanyar samar da juriya ga ƙura, danshi, girgiza, da matsanancin zafin jiki. Zaɓar hatimin da ya dace yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don aminci na dogon lokaci. Wannan jagorar ta yi cikakken bayani game da mahimman bayanai - kayan aiki, girma, da ƙa'idodin aiki - don sanar da tsarin zaɓi don hanyoyin hatimin kyamarar mota.
1. Bayanin Kayan Aiki: Tushen Aikin Hatimi
Zaɓin elastomer kai tsaye yana ƙayyade juriyar hatimi ga zafin jiki, sinadarai, da tsufa. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su don hatimin kyamara na mota sun haɗa da:
- Robar Nitrile (NBR): An san ta da juriya mai kyau ga mai da mai da mai da aka yi da man fetur, tare da juriyar gogewa mai kyau. NBR zaɓi ne mai araha don amfani a cikin sassan injin ko wuraren da hazo mai ya shafa. Taurin da aka saba samu daga 60 zuwa 90 Shore A.
- Robar Silicone (VMQ): Tana da yanayin zafin aiki na musamman (kimanin -60°C zuwa +225°C) yayin da take kiyaye sassauci. Juriyarta ga ozone da yanayi ya sa ta zama kayan da aka fi so ga hatimin kyamara na waje da aka fallasa ga hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma canjin yanayin zafi mai faɗi.
- Fluoroelastomer (FKM): Yana ba da juriya mai kyau ga yanayin zafi mai yawa (har zuwa +200°C da sama), mai, mai, da kuma nau'ikan sinadarai masu ƙarfi. Sau da yawa ana ƙayyade FKM don hatimin da ke kusa da sassan powertrain ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi da yuwuwar fallasa sinadarai na fakitin batirin abin hawa na lantarki (EV). Taurin da aka saba da shi yana tsakanin 70 zuwa 85 Shore A.
Nasihu Kan Zaɓi: Yanayin aiki shine babban abin da ke haifar da zaɓin kayan. Yi la'akari da buƙatun zafin jiki na ci gaba da mafi girma, da kuma fallasa ga ruwa, abubuwan tsaftacewa, ko gishirin hanya.
2. Sigogi Masu Girma: Tabbatar da Daidaito Mai Kyau
Hatimin yana aiki ne kawai idan ya dace da yanayin kyamara daidai. Dole ne a daidaita sigogin girma masu mahimmanci da ƙirar module ɗin sosai:
- Diamita na Ciki (ID): Dole ne ya yi daidai da diamita na ganga na ruwan tabarau ko ramin da aka saka. Juriyar yawanci tana da ƙarfi, sau da yawa cikin ±0.10 mm, don hana gibin da zai iya lalata hatimin.
- Sashe-Sashe (CS): Wannan diamita na igiyar hatimin yana tasiri kai tsaye ga ƙarfin matsi. Sashe-sashe na gama gari sun kama daga 1.0 mm zuwa 3.0 mm ga ƙananan kyamarori. Daidaitaccen CS yana tabbatar da isasshen matsi ba tare da haifar da damuwa mai yawa ba wanda zai iya haifar da gazawar da wuri.
- Matsi: Dole ne a tsara hatimin don a matse shi da wani kaso na musamman (yawanci 15-30%) a cikin glandar sa. Wannan matsi yana haifar da matsin lamba da ake buƙata don samun shinge mai inganci. Matsi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana haifar da zubewa, yayin da matsi da yawa na iya haifar da fitarwa, gogayya mai yawa, da kuma tsufa cikin sauri.
Ga tsarin gidaje marasa tsari, akwai hatimin da aka ƙera musamman tare da takamaiman ƙirar lebe (misali, U-cup, D-shaped, ko hadaddun bayanai). Samar wa masu samar da kayayyaki zane-zane na 2D ko samfuran CAD na 3D yana da mahimmanci ga waɗannan aikace-aikacen.
3. Aiki da Bin Dokoki: Cimma Ka'idojin Masana'antar Motoci
Dole ne hatimin mota ya fuskanci gwaje-gwaje masu tsauri don tabbatar da inganci a tsawon rayuwar motar. Manyan ma'aunin aiki sun haɗa da:
- Juriyar Zafin Jiki: Hatimin dole ne ya jure wa tsawaita zagayowar zafi (misali, -40°C zuwa +85°C ko sama da haka don aikace-aikacen ƙarƙashin murfin) na dubban zagayowar ba tare da fashewa, taurarewa, ko nakasa ta dindindin ba.
- Kariyar Shiga (Matsayin IP): Hatimi suna da mahimmanci don cimma ƙimar IP6K7 (mai hana ƙura) da IP6K9K (tsaftace mai ƙarfi/tururi). Don nutsewa, IP67 (mita 1 na minti 30) da IP68 (nutsewa mai zurfi/tsawon lokaci) sune abubuwan da aka saba yi, waɗanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar gwaji mai tsauri.
- Tsarin Dorewa da Matsi: Bayan an yi masa matsin lamba na dogon lokaci (wanda aka yi kwaikwayonsa ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje kamar awanni 1,000 a yanayin zafi mai yawa), hatimin ya kamata ya nuna ƙarancin matsi. Yawan dawowar da ya wuce kashi 80% bayan gwaji yana nuna cewa kayan zai ci gaba da riƙe ƙarfin rufewa akan lokaci.
- Juriyar Muhalli: Juriyar ozone (ASTM D1149), hasken UV, da danshi abu ne da aka saba gani. An kuma tabbatar da dacewa da ruwan mota (ruwan birki, mai sanyaya iska, da sauransu).
- Cancantar Motoci: Masu kera da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin kula da inganci na IATF 16949 suna nuna jajircewa ga tsauraran matakan da ake buƙata don sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta motoci.
Kammalawa: Tsarin Tsarin Zaɓe
Zaɓar zoben rufewa mafi kyau shawara ce mai mahimmanci wadda ke daidaita buƙatun aikace-aikace, ƙalubalen muhalli, da farashi. Kafin kammala zaɓi, a fayyace yanayin zafin aiki, fallasa sinadarai, ƙuntatawa a sarari, da takaddun shaida na masana'antu da ake buƙata.
Duk da cewa ƙaramin abu ne, zoben rufewa muhimmin abu ne ga aminci da aikin tsarin hangen nesa na zamani na motoci. Tsarin tsari na ƙayyadewa yana tabbatar da cewa waɗannan "idanu" na motar sun kasance a bayyane kuma abin dogaro, mil bayan mil. Haɗin gwiwa da ƙwararren mai samar da kayayyaki wanda ke ba da ingantaccen bayanai na fasaha da tallafin tabbatarwa shine mabuɗin samun nasara.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-25-2025