A matsayin "idanun" na ci-gaba na tsarin taimakon direba (ADAS) da dandamalin tuki masu cin gashin kansu, samfuran kyamarar mota suna da mahimmanci don amincin abin hawa. Mutuncin waɗannan tsarin hangen nesa ya dogara kacokan akan iyawarsu ta jure matsanancin yanayin muhalli. Zoben rufewa, azaman mahimman abubuwan kariya, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da aiki ta hanyar ba da juriya ga ƙura, danshi, girgiza, da matsanancin zafin jiki. Zaɓin hatimin daidai shine mafi mahimmanci don dogaro na dogon lokaci. Wannan jagorar ya ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abu, girman, da ƙa'idodin aiki-don sanar da tsarin zaɓi don mafita na rufe kyamarar mota.
1. Ƙayyadaddun Kayan aiki: Tushen Ayyukan Hatimi
Zaɓin elastomer kai tsaye yana ƙayyade juriyar hatimi ga zafin jiki, sunadarai, da tsufa. Mafi yawan kayan aikin hatimin kyamarar mota sun haɗa da:
- Nitrile Rubber (NBR): An san shi da kyakkyawan juriya ga mai da mai na tushen mai, tare da juriya mai kyau. NBR zaɓi ne mai inganci don aikace-aikace a cikin ɗakunan injin ko wuraren da aka fallasa ga hazo mai. Yawan taurin ya bambanta daga 60 zuwa 90 Shore A.
- Rubber Silicone (VMQ): Yana ba da kewayon zafin aiki na musamman (kimanin -60°C zuwa +225°C) yayin da ake samun sassauci. Juriyarsa ga ozone da yanayin yanayi ya sa ya zama abin da aka fi so don hatimin kyamarar waje da aka fallasa ga hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma yanayin zafin yanayi mai faɗi.
- Fluoroelastomer (FKM): Yana ba da mafi girman juriya ga yanayin zafi (har zuwa +200 ° C da sama), mai, mai, da kuma nau'ikan sinadarai masu haɗari. FKM sau da yawa ana keɓance shi don hatimi kusa da abubuwan haɗin wutar lantarki ko a cikin matsanancin zafi da yuwuwar bayyanar sinadarai na fakitin baturi (EV). Taurin gama gari tsakanin 70 da 85 Shore A.
Tukwici na Zaɓi: Yanayin aiki shine farkon direba don zaɓin kayan aiki. Yi la'akari da ci gaba da buƙatun zafin jiki, da kuma fallasa ga ruwaye, abubuwan tsaftacewa, ko gishirin hanya.
2. Ma'auni Mai Girma: Tabbatar da Madaidaicin Daidaitawa
Hatimi yana da tasiri kawai idan ya dace da gidan kamara daidai. Dole ne a daidaita madaidaicin maɓalli na maɓalli sosai da ƙirar ƙirar:
- Ciki Diamita (ID): Dole ne ya dace daidai da ganga ruwan tabarau ko diamita mai hawa. Haƙuri yawanci matsi ne, sau da yawa a cikin ± 0.10 mm, don hana gibin da zai iya lalata hatimin.
- Sashe-Cross-Section (CS): Wannan diamita na igiyar hatimi yana tasiri kai tsaye ƙarfin matsawa. Sassan giciye na gama gari suna daga 1.0 mm zuwa 3.0 mm don ƙananan kyamarori. Daidaitaccen CS yana tabbatar da isasshen matsawa ba tare da haifar da damuwa mai yawa ba wanda zai iya haifar da gazawar da wuri.
- Matsi: Dole ne a tsara hatimin don a matsa shi da wani takamaiman kashi (yawanci 15-30%) a cikin gland. Wannan matsawa yana haifar da matsi mai mahimmanci don shinge mai tasiri. Ƙarƙashin matsawa yana haifar da ɗigo, yayin da yawan matsawa zai iya haifar da extrusion, babban gogayya, da saurin tsufa.
Don madaidaitan mahalli na geometrium, ana samun hatimai na al'ada tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙirar lebe (misali, U-kofin, mai siffa D, ko bayanan martaba masu rikitarwa). Samar da masu kaya tare da ingantattun zane na 2D ko ƙirar CAD 3D yana da mahimmanci ga waɗannan aikace-aikacen.
3. Ayyuka da Biyayya: Haɗu da Ka'idodin Masana'antar Kera motoci
Hatimin mota dole ne ya jure ƙwaƙƙarfan gwajin tabbatarwa don tabbatar da dogaro akan rayuwar abin hawa. Mahimman ma'auni na ayyuka sun haɗa da:
- Juriya na Zazzabi: Dole ne hatimi su yi tsayin daka tsayin hawan keke na zafi (misali, -40°C zuwa +85°C ko sama don aikace-aikacen ƙarƙashin murfin) don dubban zagayowar ba tare da tsattsage, taurare, ko nakasar dindindin ba.
- Kariyar Ingress (IP Rating): Hatimai suna da mahimmanci don cimma ƙimar IP6K7 (ƙurar-ƙura) da IP6K9K (matsi mai ƙarfi/ tsaftace tururi). Don nutsewa, IP67 (mita 1 na mintuna 30) da IP68 (zurfi/tsawon nutsewa) makasudi ne na gama gari, an tabbatar da su ta tsauraran gwaji.
- Dorewa da Saitin Matsi: Bayan an shayar da matsi da damuwa na dogon lokaci (wanda aka kwaikwayi ta gwaje-gwaje kamar sa'o'i 1,000 a yanayin zafi mai tsayi), hatimin ya kamata ya nuna ƙaramin matsi. Matsakaicin farfadowa na> 80% bayan gwaji yana nuna kayan zai kula da ƙarfin rufewa na tsawon lokaci.
- Juriya na Muhalli: Juriya ga ozone (ASTM D1149), UV radiation, da zafi daidai ne. Hakanan an tabbatar da dacewa da ruwan mota (ruwan birki, mai sanyaya, da sauransu).
- Kwarewar Mota: Masu kera da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin sarrafa ingancin IATF 16949 suna nuna himma ga tsauraran matakan da ake buƙata don sarkar samar da motoci.
Ƙarshe: Hanyar Tsare-tsare zuwa Zaɓin
Zaɓin mafi kyawun zoben hatimi shine shawara mai mahimmanci wanda ke daidaita buƙatun aikace-aikacen, ƙalubalen muhalli, da farashi. Kafin kammala wani zaɓi, a sarari ayyana kewayon zafin aiki, filayen sinadarai, iyakokin sarari, da takaddun shaida na masana'antu da ake buƙata.
Yayin da ƙaramin sashi, zoben hatimi babban mai ba da gudummawa ne ga aminci da aiki na tsarin hangen nesa na motoci na zamani. Hanya na dabara don ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana tabbatar da cewa waɗannan “idanun” abin hawa sun kasance a sarari kuma abin dogaro, mil bayan mil. Haɗin kai tare da ƙwararren mai siyarwa wanda ke ba da ingantaccen bayanan fasaha da goyan bayan tabbatarwa shine mabuɗin ga sakamako mai nasara.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-25-2025